Interpreting the Quality Assurance Initiatives of Initial Teacher Education of the Australian Government in the 21st Century
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摘要: 21世纪以来,澳大利亚政府就职前教师教育的培养采取了一系列质量保障措施。从政策保障、机构建立、入学人员选拔、合作伙伴关系下的专业实践、教师专业标准以及职前教师教育研究等方面入手,对澳大利亚政府所采取的职前教师教育质量保障措施进行分析,总结出澳大利亚职前教师教育质量保障措施呈现的四个取向,即新管理主义取向、全程专业标准化取向、专业实践取向和实证主义取向。Abstract: The Australian government was ambitious in the field of initialteacher education since the beginning of the 21st century, and therefore made a number of initiatives to ensure the quality of initial teacher education. This paper interprets the government's quality assurance initiatives for initial teacher education in the following six dimensions:policy assurance, organizational assurance, selection of entrants assurance, resources assurance of professional experience under partnership, completion assurance and research assurance of initial teacher education. It then concludes the Orientations of quality assurance system of Australian government:new managerialism orientation, high-end orientation on full professional standardization, professional orientations, practical orientations and positivism orientation.
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表 1 澳大利亚职前教师专业实践中参与者的角色和责任
参与者 角色和责任 专业实践基地 (1)发展专业学习和教师成长文化,鼓励职前教师成为合格教师并能够持续发展
(2)制定体现专业实践价值和服务社区的策略
(3)为职前教师专业实践提供物质支持,配备培训指导教师
(4)支持指导教师的工作以及他们的专业学习,以便他们能够具备指导、培训和评价职前教师的专业能力专业实践指导教师 (1)能够对澳大利亚教师专业标准作出解读
(2)能够对职前教师进行指导和培养,尤其是帮助职前教师理解教师的行为对于学生学习的影响,进而提高对学生学习成绩的影响力
(3)根据实践要求和澳大利亚教师专业标准严格评价职前教师的专业实践表现并向职前教师提供有效的反馈
(4)提高本人的责任意识
(5)在专业实践中为职前教师树立榜样
(6)指导职前教师完成实践任务并引导职前教师向其他优秀教师学习
(7)在职前教师专业实践中提供积极的指导,充分体现实践指导教师的专业素质
(8)与同事和教师教育机构合作,为职前教师将实践学习与其他专业课程学习整合提供支持
(9)积极与职前教师专业实践中的其他机构建立合作伙伴关系
(10)与专业实践协调机构、专业实践的管理者、中小学和早期教育机构进行合作,为职前教师专业实践提供适宜的支持和建议职前教师 (1)理解澳大利亚教师专业标准
(2)设定学习目标和专业成长目标
(3)反思和接受指导教师、专业实践合作者以及实践基地给予的建议和反馈,认真完成专业实践,提高实践质量和对所教学生学业的影响力
(4)具有专业和积极的态度
(5)要对专业实践进行合理的准备以便更好地达到专业实践目标
(6)全面参与专业实践基地的生活
(7)了解专业实践基地和社区的情况
(8)懂得为自己的学习负责
(9)反思实践教学效果,收集能证明对学生学习产生影响的材料职前教师教育机构 (1)确保职前教师能够理解澳大利亚教师专业标准
(2)依据毕业教师专业标准来收集职前教师在专业实践中行为表现的材料并且形成报告
(3)支持指导教师对职前教师的评价和培养
(4)提升专业实践指导教师的指导能力
(5)为指导教师提供所期望的清晰的结果性评价工具
(6)提供专业实践手册和其他相关信息及材料,与专业实践基地和指导教师进行广泛沟通,以确保实践基地的指导教师了解专业实践的重点和要求
(7)鼓励职前教师积极收集反思性材料和能证明他们对学生学业成绩产生影响的材料
(8)表扬专业实践中优秀的指导教师
(9)对专业实践结果负责
(10)形成明确和统一的职前教师培养方式
(11)提升专业实践在职前教师培养中的重要作用,支持学术团队对专业实践开展研究表 2 澳大利亚职前教师教育研究议题
研究主题 关键问题 质量管理 职前教师培养效果追踪研究
职前教师培养方案改进研究
职前教师教育质量改进研究入学人员选拔 成功教师所需要的个人素养研究
进入教师教育阶段的职前教师应该具有的个性特征和学术研究能力
入学选拔对于职前教师教育的培养效果影响研究专业实践 教师教育对职前教师在专业实践方面的支持和评价研究
专业实践对于职前教师培养的影响研究
教师教育对职前教师专业实践的评价结果与中小学生学习成绩的关系研究课堂准备 职前教师在毕业教师专业标准上的达标情况研究
课堂准备评价对接受职前教师专业学习的影响研究
职前教师在课堂准备和评价方面的表现对他们入职后对于中小学生学业成绩的影响研究人力资源规划 联邦政府教师资源规划研究
职前教师教育资源人员规划中可以增加的教师人员以及这些教师需要具备的技能和经验研究
职前教师教育对于入学学生的录用、学生保留以及学生就业等方面的影响研究 -
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