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教学是复杂多变的实践活动。相较于传统标准化教学,爵士乐隐喻下的新课改课堂更具情境化与创造性[1]。即兴创作不仅意味着教学结果多样性,还反映出其过程的未知性,课堂突发事件正是一种不可预测的偶发现象。课堂突发事件指教学中突然发生,超出预设并需要及时处理的事件。现有研究着重探讨了课堂突发事件的种类、发生原因、应对策略等方面,也普遍意识到它对学生发展的重要作用。然而,鲜有研究关注课堂突发事件与教师个人发展之间的关系。课堂突发事件对教师专业发展是否有作用,有什么样的作用,如何才能发挥这种作用,这些都是有待思考的问题。在存在主义哲学看来,有别于常规教学实践的课堂突发事件,它的产生虽然是偶然的,但却是教师教学生涯的必然遭遇,不可消除或避免。已有教学案例和访谈资料表明,教师的专业素养甚至职业发展轨迹都会受课堂突发事件的影响。德国教育人类学家博尔诺夫认为,突然中断生活连续性、危及生存的遭遇对人的自我成长有决定性意义[2]59。因而那些令教师倍感意外、束手无策的课堂突发事件即是教师的遭遇,是一种非连续性教师教育形式。基于这一视角,本文将围绕课堂突发事件对教师专业发展作用的表现、特征、机制展开论述。
On the Role of Classroom Emergencies in Promoting Teachers' Professional Development
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摘要: 课堂突发事件常被视为中断教学进程的干扰,令教师避之不及。实际上,作为教师课堂教学生活意料之外的遭遇,它具有磨练职业心态、激发教学反思、促进自我实现等作用。教师处理课堂突发事件的过程,可视为非连续性教育的过程。这种非连续性教育具有不确定性、非连续性、转折性、排他性等特征,需经过遭遇、震惊、反思、领悟四个阶段。要充分发挥课堂突发事件对教师专业发展的促进作用,就需要教师提高认识,拓宽视野,提升专业判断力。Abstract: Classroom emergencies are often seen as an interruption of the teaching process that teachers are trying to avoid. In fact, as an unexpected encounter in a teacher's career, it plays a role in improving teachers' professional quality by honing their educational mentality, stimulating teaching reflection and promoting self-realization. Therefore, the process of dealing with classroom emergencies can be regarded as a form of discontinuous education, which has the characteristics of uncertainty, discontinuity, turning point and exclusivity. Through the analysis and summary, it is found that teachers' professional development will be effectively promoted through the mechanism of four stages: encounter, shock, reflection and comprehension. Therefore, in order to enable teachers to better acquire the educational value of encounters, the author puts forward some suggestions, such as giving teachers a correct understanding, broadening their own vision and improving their professional judgment.
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