Past Time Perspective andSocial Confidence: A Moderated Mediation Model
-
摘要: 基于心理时间和社会认知的视角,采用问卷调查了全国范围内16个省份和自治区的二三线城市常住居民2 827人,探究过去时间洞察力、幸福感和主观社会经济地位与社会信心的关系。研究表明:(1)过去消极对社会信心有负向预测作用;过去积极对社会信心有正向预测作用。(2)幸福感在过去时间洞察力(过去消极和过去积极)和社会信心之间起中介作用。(3)主观社会经济地位在过去消极和幸福感之间起调节作用;主观社会经济地位在过去积极和社会信心之间起调节作用。研究结果为提升公众幸福感和增进社会信心提供了依据和启示。Abstract: In this study, guided by psychological time and social cognitive perspective, a moderated mediation model was conducted to examine the effects andunderlying mechanisms of past time perspective, well-beingand subjective socioeconomic statuson adult's social confidence. A total of 2827 Chinese adults from 16 provinces and autonomous regions (mean age=34.62 years, SD=9.35)participated in this study. After controlling for objective socioeconomic indicators (e.g. education, income and career), the structural equation model has the following findings. (1) Past negative offers negative prediction of social confidence; past positive offers positive prediction of social confidence. (2)The well-being is of mediation between between past time perspective (past negative and past positive) and social confidence. (3) Subjective socioeconomic status plays a moderated role between past negative and well-being; Subjective socioeconomic status plays a moderated role between past positive and social confidence.The study suggests that the cultivation ofadult'ssocial confidence should focus not only on the effects of past factors, present factors, and cognitivefactors respectively, but also on the combined influence of those factors.Some of the limitation and development directions of this research have also been discussed.
-
表 1 相关分析矩阵
M SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1性别 - - 1 2年龄 34.62 9.35 0.13*** 1 3职业社会地位 5.63 3.10 -0.09*** -0.21*** 1 4家庭年收入 3.75 1.59 0.13*** 0.12*** 0.02 1 5受教育程度 4.28 1.77 -0.01 -0.28*** 0.48*** 0.21*** 1 6过去消极 3.11 0.75 0.04* 0.03 -0.06** -0.07*** -0.18*** 1 7过去积极 3.66 0.60 -0.03 0.04* 0.08*** 0.03 0.06** -0.03 1 8主观社会经济地位 5.55 1.76 -0.04* -0.05* 0.12*** 0.16*** 0.20*** -0.03 0.10*** 1 9幸福感 9.29 2.23 -0.02 -0.02 0.11*** 0.16*** 0.19*** -0.16*** 0.20*** 0.29*** 1 10社会信心 4.71 1.02 -0.03 0.16*** 0.05** 0.07*** 0.05** -0.12*** 0.27*** 0.16*** 0.23*** 1 注:*p<.05,**p<.01,***p<.001,下同 -
[1] 国家统计局.中华人民共和国2018年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. (2019-09-19)[2019-02-28]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201902/t20190228_1651265.html. [2] 朱力.公众信心聚散的社会心理学解读[J].人民论坛, 2013(5):10-12. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3381.2013.05.002 [3] 张彦, 魏钦恭, 李汉林.发展过程中的社会景气与社会信心——概念、量表与指数构建[J].中国社会科学, 2015(4):64-84. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=664656524 [4] KELLER C, SIEGRIST M, EARLE T C, et al.The general confidence scale:coping with environmental uncertainty and threat[J]. Journal of applied social psychology, 2011(9):2200-2229. [5] 吕厚超, 黄希庭.大学生过去时间洞察力的理论构想[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版), 2007(3):16-20. doi: http://xbgjxt.swu.edu.cn/jsusse/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=xnsfdxxb-rwsh200703004&flag=1 [6] doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=BBS7_02\BBS\BBS7_02\S0140525X0004440Xh.xml TULVING E. Précis of elements of episodic memory[J]. Behavioral and brain sciences, 1984(2):223-238. [7] 吕厚超.情节式未来思考的认知神经机制[J].四川师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2014(4):69-75. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/scsfdxxb-shkxb201404011 [8] doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/10.1098-rstb.2007.2087/ SCHACTER D L, ADDIS D R. The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory:remembering the past and imagining the future[J]. Philosophical transactions of the royal society b:biological sciences, 2007(1481):773-786. [9] 刘岩, 杨丽珠, 徐国庆.预见:情景记忆的未来投射与重构[J].心理科学进展, 2010(9):1403-1412. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zdhxb199805010 [10] 邢淑芬, 俞国良.社会比较研究的现状与发展趋势[J].心理科学进展, 2005(1):78-84. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt200501012 [11] ZHANG J W, HOWELL R T.Do time perspectives predict unique variance in life satisfaction beyond personality traits?[J]. Personality and individual differences, 2011(8):1261-1266. [12] ZHANG J W, HOWELL R T, STOLARSKI M.Comparing three methods to measure a balancedtime perspective:the relationship between a balanced time perspective and subjectivewell-being[J]. Journal of happiness studies, 2013(1):169-184. [13] BONIWELL I, OSIN E, LINLEY P A, IVANCHENKO G V. (2010). A question of balance: time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples[J]. The journal of positive psychology, 2010(1): 24-40. [14] 陈维扬, 谢天.常人眼中的社会变迁:普通人如何感知社会的过去、现在与未来[J].心理科学进展, 2017(2):370-380. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt201702018 [15] doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/10.1080-1461669032000072256/ DELHEY J, NEWTON K.Who trusts? The origins of social trust in seven societies[J]. European societies, 2003(2):93-137. [16] 晏小华, 刘振亮, 王祥坤, 等.幸福悖论及其最新解释[J].心理科学进展, 2018(1):180-189. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt201801016 [17] ANDERSON C, KRAUS M W, GALINSKY A D, et al.The local-ladder effect:social status and subjective well-being[J]. Psychological science, 2012(7):764-771. [18] JACKMAN M R, JACKMAN R W. An interpretation of the relation between objective and subjective social status[J]. American sociological review, 1973(5):569-582. [19] DIENER E, FUJITA F.Social comparisons and subjective well-being[M]//In BuunkB.& GibbonsR. (Eds.), Health, coping, and well-being. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1997: 329-357. [20] PRAG P, MILLS M C, WITTEK R. Subjective socioeconomic status and health in cross-national comparison[J]. Social science &medicine, 2016(4):84-92. [21] GREITEMEYER T, SAGIOGLOU C.Subjective socioeconomic status causes aggression:a test of the theory of social deprivation[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2016(2):178-194. [22] 孙远太.城市居民社会地位对其获得感的影响分析——基于6省市的调查[J].调研世界, 2015(9):18-21. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=diaoysj201509005 [23] 胡小勇, 李静, 芦学璋, 等.社会阶层的心理学研究:社会认知视角[J].心理科学, 2014(6):1509-1517. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgfltd201812248 [24] KRAUS M W, PIFF P K, MENDOZADENTON R, et al. Social class, solipsism, and contextualism:how the rich are different from the poor[J]. Psychological review, 2012(3):546-572. [25] 李汉林, 魏钦恭.社会景气与社会信心研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2013. [26] 陆学艺.当代中国社会阶层研究报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2002. [27] ADLER N E, EPEL E S, CASTELLAZZO G, et al. Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning:preliminary data in healthy white women[J]. Health psychology official journal of the division of health psychology American psychological association, 2000(6):586-592. [28] 汪向东, 王希林, 马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社, 1999. [29] ZIMBARDO P G, BOYD J N. Putting time in perspective:a valid, reliable individual-differences metric[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1999(6):1271-1288. [30] 吕厚超, 杜刚.津巴多时间洞察力类型划分:基于聚类分析的结果[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版), 2017(5):97-104. doi: http://xbgjxt.swu.edu.cn/jsusse/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201705011&flag=1 [31] 毕重增.自信与社会适应[M].北京:科学出版社, 2017. [32] 周浩, 龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展, 2004(6):942-950. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt200406018 [33] 温忠麟, 叶宝娟.有调节的中介模型检验方法:竞争还是替补?[J]心理学报, 2014(5):714-726. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxb201405013 [34] 吴艳, 温忠麟.结构方程建模中的题目打包策略[J].心理科学进展, 2011(12):1859-1867. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt201112015 [35] 李汉林.关于社会景气研究[J].社会发展研究, 2016(2):63-77. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=668944188 [36] 吕厚超.青少年时间洞察力研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2014. [37] 王俊秀, 陈满琪.中国社会心态研究报告(2017)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2017. [38] 刘程.城市青年的社会信心现状及其影响因素[J].青年研究, 2016(2):11-20. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=668501103 [39] SWORD R M, SWORD R K, BRUNSKILL S R.Time perspective therapy: transforming Zimbardo's temporal theory into clinical practice[M]//In Stolarski M, Fieulaine N, van Beek W. (Eds.), Time perspective theory; review, research and application: essays in honor of Philip G. Zimbardo. Springer International Publishing, 2015: 481-498. [40] 辛自强.社会治理中的心理学问题[J].心理科学进展, 2018(1):1-13. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xlxdt201801001 [41] 杨玉芳, 郭永玉.心理学在社会治理中的作用[J].中国科学院院刊, 2017(2):107-116. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjck201805117