Strategic Alliances, Market Ambidexterity and Performance of Rural Start-ups
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摘要: 农村创业企业面临着严峻的资源约束,亟需借助外部联盟来实现生存和发展;无论是创业研究还是战略研究,对创业企业战略联盟的作用尚未形成一致观点。借鉴双元理论,依据“结构-行为-绩效”分析框架,在区分营销联盟和竞争联盟的基础上,从市场双元的视角探讨战略联盟对农村创业企业绩效的影响路径,运用195份农村创业企业数据的实证分析发现,营销联盟显著驱动市场平衡双元,而竞争联盟对市场平衡双元和市场互动双元均有积极影响;市场平衡双元与财务绩效紧密关联,而市场互动双元对成长绩效有正向作用。研究结论充分表明,构建战略联盟并不意味着直接的绩效输出,还需要组织行为作为重要的转换环节;本研究从双元组织视角,为农村创业企业构建和利用战略联盟,优化创业绩效提供了重要的行动路径。Abstract: Rural start-ups are facing severe resource constraints and in an urgent needof external alliances to ensure their survival and development. Either the entrepreneurial or strategic research has not reached a consensus on the impacts of applying strategic alliances in start-ups. This study, based on the ambidexterity theory and the "structure-conduct-performance" framework, on the basis of distinguishing between marketing alliances and competitive alliances, discusses the influence of strategic alliances on performance of rural start-ups from the perspective of market ambidexterity. The empirical analysis of 195 rural start-upssuggests that marketing alliances significantly drive the market balance ambidexterity, while competitive alliances have positive effects on market balance and interplay ambidexterity. The market balance ambidexterity is closely related to financial performance, while the market interplay ambidexterity has a positive effect on growth performance. The paper concludes with the findings that building a strategic alliance does not mean direct performance output, but requires organizational behavior as an important link. From the perspective of ambidextrous organization, the study provides rural start-upswith suggestions on the paths of optimizing entrepreneurial performance and building strategic alliances.
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表 1 测量的信度和收敛效度检验
核心概念 测量问项 CITC 因子载荷 α值 AVE 营销联盟 SA1.我们通过与其他企业合作更有效获取顾客 0.557 0.794 0.831 0.549 SA2.我们通过与其他企业合作扩大销售渠道和销售能力 0.539 0.725 SA3.我们通过与其他企业合作降低销售成本 0.564 0.703 竞争联盟 SA4.我们常常与同业伙伴分担市场推广费用 0.592 0.762 0.875 0.554 SA5.我们常常与同业伙伴共享原材料供应商 0.584 0.759 SA6.我们常常与同业伙伴共享经销网络 0.657 0.733 SA7.我们常常与同业伙伴交流行业资讯和市场信息 0.525 0.721 市场探索 MA1.我们运用市场信息,通过市场测试提升产品或服务的消费体验 0.587 0.801 0.903 0.606 MA2.我们运用来自关键顾客的信息,使企业掌握市场新情况 0.595 0.786 MA3.在当前市场环境,使用新颖的产品或服务不一定能获得成功 0.517 0.774 MA4.我们充分利用蕴含实验和高风险的市场信息和想法 0.505 0.753 市场开发 MA5.我们充分利用反映当前产品市场体验的市场信息 0.616 0.809 0.865 0.576 MA6.我们强调对当前顾客进行调研,以解决现有市场问题 0.627 0.754 MA7.我们充分利用有助于改进现有产品或服务的市场信息和想法 0.598 0.748 MA8.我们经常开展有助于强化现有产品或服务体验的营销活动 0.573 0.722 成长绩效 EP1.我们对企业的销售额增长速度比较满意 0.609 0.804 0.854 0.632 EP2.我们对企业的新员工增长速度比较满意 0.598 0.795 EP3.我们对企业的市场份额增长速度比较满意 0.583 0.786 财务绩效 EP4.我们对企业的利润水平比较满意 0.654 0.811 0.893 0.648 EP5.我们对企业的投资回报率比较满意 0.612 0.805 EP6.我们对企业的现金流水平比较满意 0.608 0.799 表 2 测量工具的信度与判别效度检验结果
核心概念 均值 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.营销联盟 3.875 0.741 2.竞争联盟 3.529 0.019 0.744 3.市场探索 3.286 -0.008 0.103 0.778 4.市场开发 3.927 0.195* 0.116 0.171* 0.759 5.成长绩效 3.915 0.172* 0.046 0.173* 0.209** 0.795 6.财务绩效 3.285 0.146 -0.064 0.205** 0.148 0.124 0.805 7.企业规模 2.681 0.084 0.009 0.117 0.094 0.148 0.075 — 8.企业年龄 1.451 0.127 -0.048 0.106 0.065 0.035 0.047 0.187* — 注:对角线为概念的AVE值平方根;*表示p<0.05、**表示p<0.01 表 3 市场双元中介效应的检验结果
关系 第一步 第二步 第三步 结论 战略联盟与创业绩效 市场平衡双元对战略联盟的回归 创业绩效与战略联盟的回归 创业绩效与市场平衡双元的回归 创业绩效与战略联盟的回归 完全中介 β t β t β t β t 0.312*** 7.168 0.212* 4.375 0.293*** 6.825 0.158 2.096 市场互动双元与战略联盟的回归 创业绩效与战略联盟的回归 创业绩效与市场互动双元的回归 创业绩效与战略联盟的回归 完全中介 β t β t β t β t 0.287*** 6.393 0.212* 4.375 0.285*** 6.273 0.145 1.895 注:β为标准化系数;*表示p<0.05、**表示p<0.01、***表示p<0.001 -
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