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2020年7月,印度政府颁布了《国家教育政策2020》(National Education Policy 2020,简称NEP),这是21世纪以来印度政府首次颁布国家教育政策,也是印度自独立以来第三次颁布国家教育政策。为了应对21世纪教育面临的挑战,回应国家战略需求和联合国可持续发展目标的要求,NEP在坚持印度传统价值的基础上,对印度教育做了详尽的规划,旨在实现其“教育大国”的发展目标。印度是我国的重要邻国,中印两国同属发展中国家,都拥有超大体量的教育规模。作为后发型国家,两国教育发展面临着许多相似的问题。研究印度教育改革的趋势不仅有助于把握印度教育的发展动态、透视教育发展规律,还有助于审视我国教育发展现状。NEP是一项全面的国家教育政策,涉及各级各类教育,本文拟基于NEP文本中的高等教育政策分析印度高等教育改革的动因,梳理印度高等教育改革的主要举措,透视印度国内对高等教育改革的争论,以期对印度高等教育改革走向有一个深刻的认识。
Motivations, Measures, and Controversiesin Indian Higher Education Reform: An Analysis on National Education Policy 2020
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摘要: 为了应对知识经济的挑战、服务国家发展战略和解决高等教育发展的现实困境, 印度政府颁布了《国家教育政策2020》, 着手对各级各类教育进行改革。其高等教育改革的主要举措包括改革高等教育制度、开展综合性教育、为学生提供多方位支持、推动教师队伍建设、促进公平包容、催化科学研究、改革治理机制等。由于该政策牵涉甚广, 各利益群体就制定过程是否有代表性, 政策内容是否加剧了市场化、损害了社会公平, 是否加剧了中央集权、损害了学术自由以及政策可行性等方面存在着广泛的争论。
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关键词:
- 印度高等教育 /
- 高等教育改革 /
- 《国家教育政策2020》
Abstract: Facing the challenge of knowledge economy, to serve the national development strategy and to solve the realistic predicament of the development of higher education, the Indian government promulgated the National Education Policy 2020 and began to reform itshigher education. The measures include institutionalrestructuringand consolidation, holisticmultidisciplinary education, optimal learning environment and support for students, promotion of faculty development, promotion of equity and inclusion, catalyzing quality academic research, effective governance and leadership and so on. Due to the wide scope of the policy, there are a lot of debatesover the process of policy-making, contents and values of policy, as well as itsfeasibility policy and whether the content of the policy increases marketization and harms social equity, whether it increases centralization and harms academic freedom.-
Key words:
- Indian higher education /
- higher education reform /
- National Education Policy 2020 .
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