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巨魾(Bagarius yarrelli)在中国分布于云南省境内的澜沧江、怒江、元江水系, 其肉呈黄色, 故地方名叫“面瓜鱼”, 隶属于硬骨鱼纲(Osterichthyes), 鯰形目(Siluriformes), 鮡科(Sisordae), 魾属(Bagarius)[1].巨魾是云南特有的大型底栖食肉鱼类, 其体质量可超过50 kg, 体长可超过200 cm.目前对巨魾的研究包括巨魾的生物学特性[2-4]、人工繁殖[5]、疾病防治[6]、胚胎发育[7], 2013年巨魾苗种实现规模化生产, 能够满足增殖放流和养殖生产.
线粒体DNA是目前分子生物学研究的一个重要的领域, 而鱼类mtDNA是鱼类分子系统学研究和群体遗传分析的重要标记[8].近年来线粒体基因组已经被广泛地应用于脊椎动物群体的群体遗传学、系统发生学、保护生物学、比较和进化基因组学、分子进化和系统发育树重建等方面的研究[9-11].本实验所研究的序列为巨魾ND3和ND4L基因片段, 与其他动物一样, 其ND3基因和ND4L基因之间有1个tRNA-Arg基因.韩家波等[12]用PCR产物直接测序法, 测定渤海辽东湾斑海豹15个线粒体的一段从ND3到ND4基因与22个海豹科动物的ND4L基因序列的系统发生分析表明, 海豹科动物分为南半球和北半球两大类群, 斑海豹与港海豹为北半球种类, 亲缘关系最近.陈瑜等[13]对四川黑熊、马来熊、棕熊、美洲黑熊和北极熊的ND3基因和ND4L基因所编码的氨基酸序列进行了多序列比对分析, 结果表明四川黑熊、马来熊、棕熊、美洲黑熊和北极熊的基因序列同源性极高.张四明等[14]采用DNA测序技术首次测定了包括中国特有鲟形目鱼类在内的12种鲟形目鱼类的mtDNA ND4L和ND4基因的序列, 并进行了分子系统学分析, 结果表明环太平洋地区的鲟科鱼类可能有共同的起源.本实验通过巨魾特有的引物序列来克隆其ND3, tRNA-Arg和ND4L基因, 并对其序列多态性进行研究.
Cloning and Polymorphism Analysis of Mitochondrial ND3, tRNA-Arg and ND4L Genes of Bagarius yarrelli
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摘要: 为了解巨魾鱼的种质资源情况, 采用PCR技术扩增克隆并测序, 得到巨魾NADH dehydrogenase subunit-3(ND3), 精氨酸的转运RNA(tRNA-Arg)和NADH dehydrogenase subunit-4L(ND4L)基因全序列各12条.通过DNAMAN 5.2.2软件进行序列比对, 采用MEGA 5.02软件进行碱基质量分数分析, 计算遗传距离, 并构建系统发育树.结果表明:巨魾鱼ND3基因序列全长为346 bp, 碱基质量分数A为26.2%, T为29.6%, C为28.8%, G为15.4%, 其中A+T质量分数(55.8%)高于G+C质量分数(44.2%), 12个ND3基因序列存在5种单倍型, 发生了5次转换, 1次颠换, 5种单倍型之间平均相对遗传距离为0.007; tRNA-Arg基因序列全长为71 bp, 碱基质量分数A为23.9%, T为23.9%, C为29.6%, G为22.6%, 其中A+T质量分数(47.8%)低于G+C质量分数(52.2%), 12个基因序列完全一致; ND4L基因序列全长为297 bp, 起始密码子为ATG, 终止密码子为TAA, 碱基质量分数A为24.6%, T为26.3%, C为33.3%, G为15.8%, 其中A+T质量分数(50.9%)高于G+C质量分数(49.1%), 12个基因序列完全一致; 将巨魾鱼与鮡科的其他10种鱼类的ND3, tRNA-Arg和ND4L基因用Minimum Evolution法(ME)构建系统发育树, 发现12尾巨魾鱼单独聚为一支, 这一结果与传统的形态学分类相似.Abstract: In order to understand the situation of the germplasm resources of Bagarius yarrelli, PCR was used for amplification, cloning and sequencing, and 12 NADH dehydrogenase subunit-3 (ND3) sequences, 12 tRNA-Arg sequences and 12 NADH dehydrogenase subunit-4 L(ND4L) sequences of B. yarrelli were obtained. DNAMAN 5.2.2 software was applied for sequence alignment, and MEGA 5.02 software was used to analyze base content and genetic distance, and to construct a phylogenetic tree. The full-length of ND3 gene sequence of B. yarrelli was shown to be 346 bp, the start codon was ATG while the stop codon was T--, the content of A, T, C and G was 26.2%, 29.6%, 28.8% and 15.4%, respectively, in which the A+T content (55.8%) was higher than that of G+C (44.2%). There were 5 haplotypes in the 12 sequences of ND3 gene, and 5 transitions and 1 transversion occurred. The average relative genetic distance was 0.007 between the 5 haploid types. The full-length of tRNA-Arg gene sequence of B. yarrelli was 71 bp, the content of A, T, C and G was 23.9%, 23.9%, 29.6% and 22.6%, respectively, in which the A+T content (47.8%) was lower than that of G+C (52.2%). There was only one haploid type between the 12 tRNA-Arg gene sequences. The full-length of ND4L gene sequence of B. yarrelli was 297 bp, the start condon was ATG while the stop condon was TAA. The content of A, T, C and G was 24.6%, 26.3%, 33.3% and 15.8%, respectively, in which the A+T content (50.9%) was higher than that of G+C (49.1%). The12 gene sequences were completely consistent with each other. A phylogenetic tree was constructed through the minimum evolution (ME) method based on 10 species of Sisoridae and the 12 sequences of ND3 gene of B. yarrelli, and the results indicated that B. yarrelli in this study clustered into a single clad, which was similar to the traditional morphological classification.
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Key words:
- Bagarius yarrelli /
- ND3 /
- tRNA-Arg /
- ND4L /
- sequence analysis /
- phylogeny .
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表 1 巨魾线粒体ND3碱基组成
A T C G A+T C+G 总长/bp 单倍型1 26.3 29.8 28.6 15.3 56.1 43.9 346 单倍型2 26.3 29.2 29.2 15.3 55.5 44.5 346 单倍型3 26.3 29.8 28.3 15.6 56.1 43.9 346 单倍型4 26.3 29.5 28.9 15.3 55.8 44.2 346 单倍型5 26.0 29.5 28.9 15.6 55.5 45.5 346 平均值 26.2 29.6 28.8 15.4 55.8 44.2 346 -
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