-
枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.]是蔷薇科、枇杷属的亚热带常绿果树,同时也是我国重要的传统中药,其临床应用已有几千年的历史.枇杷叶和花均可入药,据《本草纲目》记载,枇杷主要用于治疗肺热、咳喘、吐逆、烦渴.现代研究表明,枇杷还具有止痛、抗病毒、保肝、抗肿瘤、降血糖和促进免疫的作用,其应用范围日益扩大.
近年来的药理研究表明,植物的药用价值与其抗氧化能力密切相关[1-2].黄酮类化合物和酚类物质均为天然的抗氧化成分,黄酮是一种强氧化剂,可有效清除体内过剩的活性自由基,防止细胞衰老和氧化[3].酚类化合物是植物产生的一种重要次生代谢物质,存在于植物体不同的组织中,能够抑制自由基的产生,具有较强的抗氧化活性[4].
我国具有丰富的枇杷资源[5-6],已有研究报道显示,枇杷中含有丰富的黄酮类和酚类物质[7-8],不同品种的酚类和黄酮类化合物的质量分数及其抗氧化活性存在较大差异.陈俊伟等[9]、徐红霞等[10]和林素英等[11]对不同品种枇杷果实抗氧化活性进行了研究分析,筛选出“软条白沙” “塔下红” “宁海白”和“解放钟”抗氧化活性高的枇杷品种. Hong等[12]对枇杷野生资源研究表明:“台湾枇杷” “恒春枇杷” “西藏枇杷”和“孟加拉枇杷”等6种野生枇杷总黄酮、总酚及其抗氧化活性比栽培品种早钟6号高.洪燕萍等[13]在香花枇杷与普通枇杷抗氧化活性成分比较中,发现野生香花枇杷叶片的抗氧化活性高于普通枇杷.由此可见,枇杷野生资源蕴含很大的发展趋势和利用前景.
本试验以8份枇杷的叶片和花蕾为试验材料,采用分光光度法测定枇杷的总黄酮和总酚质量分数,利用DPPH和FRAP法来评价其抗氧化活性,以期能够筛选出抗氧化活性强、药用价值高的枇杷材料,同时也为枇杷种质资源的开发利用提供一定的理论依据.
Analysis of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activities of Common Loquat and Wild Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Genotypes
-
摘要: 以5份普通枇杷(单优1号、单优2号、单优3号、湖南早熟和森尾早生)和3份野生枇杷(大渡河枇杷、栎叶枇杷和贵州2号)的叶片和花蕾为材料,分析其总黄酮、总酚质量分数及抗氧化活性,以期为枇杷资源的进一步开发利用提供参考资料.结果表明:1)湖南早熟叶片总黄酮质量分数最高,与其他品种差异有统计学意义;枇杷花蕾中,单优2号的黄酮质量分数高.2)除栎叶枇杷外,花蕾总酚质量分数明显高于叶片,叶片中质量分数高的材料为栎叶枇杷和森尾早生,花蕾中总酚质量分数最高的材料为贵州2号;3)枇杷花蕾抗氧化活性高于叶片,总黄酮、总酚质量分数均与抗氧化活性呈正相关,但总酚质量分数与抗氧化活性的相关性更强.综上可得,在这些枇杷材料中,栎叶枇杷和森尾早生可作为叶片开发材料,贵州2号(花蕾)总酚质量分数和抗氧化活性最高可作为花蕾开发利用的材料.Abstract: In this study, the leaves and flower buds of five common loquat cultivars (Danyou 1, Danyou 2, Danyou 3, Hunanzaoshu and Senweizaosheng) and three wild varieties (Daduhe loquat, Liye loquat and Guizhou 2) were used to examine their total flavonoids, total phenolics and antioxidant activities so as to provide reference for further development of loquat resources. The results showed that total flavonoid content in the leaves of Hunanzaoshu was significantly higher than the other cultivars. In the flower buds, Danyou 2 had the highest total flavonoid content; that total phenolics were higher in flower buds than in leaves in all the genotypes studied, with the exception of Liye loquat, and Liye loquat and Senweizaosheng had high total phenolics in the leaves and Guizhou 2 had the highest total phenolics in the flower buds; and that antioxidant activity in flower buds was higher than that in leaves, total flavonoids and total phenolics were in significant positive correlation with antioxidant activity and the correlation between total phenolics and antioxidant activity was stronger than that between total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. In a word, among these loquat materials, the leaves of Liye loquat and Senweizaosheng can be developed and utilized and, due to its high total phenolics and antioxidant activity, Guizhou 2 can be used as materials for flower bud development.
-
Key words:
- loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) /
- total flavonoids /
- total phenolics /
- antioxidant activity .
-
表 1 8份枇杷试验材料名称
编号 材料名称 种名 1 单优1号 E. japonica 2 单优2号 E. japonica 3 单优3号 E. japonica 4 湖南早熟 E. japonica 5 森尾早生 E. japonica 6 大渡河枇杷(野生收集) E. prinoides var. dadunensis 7 栎叶枇杷(野生收集) E. prinoides 8 贵州2号(野生收集) E. japonica 表 2 不同枇杷叶片和花蕾的DPPH与FRAP抗氧化活性
品种 叶片/(μmol·g-1) 花蕾/(μmol·g-1) DPPH FRAP DPPH FRAP 单优1号 222.74±12.32d 269.95±0.67d 551.92±15.74cd 596.55±8.94e 单优2号 246.29±17.48cd 353.52±22.52c 663.54±3.20c 702.59±11.67c 单优3号 221.44±16.78d 342.56±5.42c 571.98±4.65e 612.99±9.96e 湖南早熟 343.52±13.94b 441.74±1.34b 684.03±25.82c 749.72±5.63b 森尾早生 602.50±7.73a 545.59±14.43a 620.81±19.26d 701.22±12.78c 大渡河枇杷 327.38±35.40b 435.17±23.95b 750.30±10.09b 656.29±1.78d 栎叶枇杷 473.88±16.13b 566.96±6.09a 515.30±30.83d 590.80±2.54e 贵州2号 265.47±4.45c 401.19±49.92b 799.14±9.33a 943.44±17.40a 注:相同组织不同材料之间的比较中,小写字母不同表示差异有统计学意义(p<0.05). 表 3 叶片和花蕾中总黄酮、总酚及其抗氧化活性相关性分析
品种 叶片 花蕾 总黄酮 总酚 总黄酮 总酚 DPPH 0.270 0.732** 0.414* 0.907** FRAP 0.461* 0.868** 0.275 0.651** 注:*表示p<0.05;**表示p<0.01,差异有统计学意义. -
[1] 吴媛琳, 赵听, 张凯煜, 等.枇杷不同部位主要有效成分含量及抗氧化活性比较[J].西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(1):196-201. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2015.01.32 [2] 张昭, 吕泽芳, 吴洪梅, 等.重庆市10大名柚果实酚类物质质量分数及抗氧化活性研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 37(5):58-65. doi: http://xbgjxt.swu.edu.cn/jsuns/jsuns/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201505009&flag=1 [3] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=3850f3e9de02d8d574efbd2053b31b2b&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn KAWAHARA N, SATAKE M, GODA Y. A New Acylated Flavonol Glycoside from the Leaves of Eriobotrya Japonica[J]. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2002, 50(12):1619-1620. [4] 卢娟芳, 刘盛雨, 芦旺, 等.不同类型桃果肉酚类物质及抗氧化活性分析[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(16):3205-3214. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.16.015 [5] 蒋俊, 王朝丽, 何娟, 等.浙江塘栖枇杷种质资源遗传多样性分析及优系鉴定[J].中国南方果树, 2017, 46(2):13-19. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnfgs201702003 [6] 陈志, 陈志友, 龙治坚, 等. 67份枇杷属种质资源遗传多样性的SSR分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(8):12-19. doi: http://xbgjxt.swu.edu.cn/jsuns/jsuns/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2014-08-012&flag=1 [7] 成丽, 刘燕, 陈凌亚, 等.枇杷花三萜皂甙成分的研究[J].华西医科大学学报, 2001, 32(2):283-285. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-173X.2001.02.037 [8] JUNG H A, PARK J C, CHUNG H Y, et al. Antioxidant Flavonoids and Chlorogenic Acid from the Leaves ofEriobotrya Japonica[J]. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 1999, 22(2):213-218. doi: 10.1007/BF02976549 [9] 陈俊伟, 徐红霞, 谢鸣, 等.不同枇杷品种总酚、类黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量与抗氧化能力的关系[C].中国园艺学会热带南亚热带果树分会学术研讨会暨全国龙眼产业发展论坛, 2008. [10] 徐红霞, 李晓颖, 陈俊伟, 等.不同品种枇杷果实的酚类物质成分和抗氧化能力比较分析[C].第六届全国枇杷学术研讨会, 2013. [11] 林素英, 谢文燕, 何松涛, 等.不同品种枇杷果实酚类物质及其抗氧化活性分析[J].食品工业科技, 2016, 37(18):149-152, 179. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/spgykj201618032 [12] HONG Y P, LIN S Q, JIANG Y M, et al. Variation in Contents of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of 11 Eriobotrya Species[J]. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2008, 63(4):200-204. doi: 10.1007/s11130-008-0088-6 [13] 洪燕萍, 邱丰艳, 林标声, 等.两种枇杷叶片皂苷含量测定和比较研究[J].龙岩学院学报, 2010, 28(5):89-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4629.2010.05.022 [14] 张敏, 李国章, 曹庸, 等.荧光分析法测定杜仲叶总黄酮含量的研究[J].光谱实验室, 2005, 22(1):54-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-8138.2005.01.014 [15] 尚红梅, 陈诚, 刘祥, 等. Folin-Ciocaileu比色法测定菊苣中多酚的含量[J].草业科学, 2013, 30(9):1445-1448. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=caoyekx201309025 [16] BRACA A, DE TOMMASI N, DI BARI L, et al. Antioxidant Principles from Bauhiniatarapotensis[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 2001, 64(7):892-895. doi: 10.1021/np0100845 [17] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=bf330a46eb50e0d4ee6312991793b9d2&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn BENZIE I F F, STRAIN J J. The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of "Antioxidant Power":The FRAP Assay[J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 1996, 239(1):70-76. [18] 王长春, 林向阳, 叶南慧, 等. Plackett Burman设计和响应面分析法优化枇杷叶中总黄酮的超声波提取工艺[J].中国食品学报, 2013, 13(3):84-91. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgspxb201303014 [19] 郑美瑜, 陆胜民, 陈剑兵, 等.枇杷花总黄酮的提取工艺优化[J].食品与发酵科技, 2009, 45(4):52-54. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/scspyfx200904017 [20] doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=3d481f2fc2738f80fa213e41b7fcc068 PANDE G, CASIMIR C A. Organic Acids, Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Content and Lipid Characterisation of Georgia-grown Underutilized Fruit Crops[J]. Food Chemistry, 2010, 120(4):1067-1075. [21] doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgyxllx201711029 SANCHEZ-MORENO C. Review:Methods Used to Evaluate the Free Radical Scavenging Activity in Foods and Biological Systems[J]. Food Science and Technology International, 2002, 8(3):121-137. [22] ERCISLI S, GOZLEKCI S, SENGUL M, et al. Some Physicochemical Characteristics, Bioactive Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) Fruits from Turkey[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2012, 148:185-189. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.10.001 [23] FERRERES F, GOMES D, VALENTAO P, et al. Improved Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Cultivars:Variation of Phenolics and Antioxidative Potential[J]. Food Chemistry, 2009, 114(3):1019-1027. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.065 [24] XU H X, CHEN J W. Commercial Quality, Major Bioactive Compound Content and Antioxidant Capacity of 12 Cultivars of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruits[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2011, 91(6):1057-1063. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4282 [25] 黄福山, 袁卫明, 俞文生.枇杷大棚栽培疏花疏果技术[J].江西园艺, 2003(6):10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4958.2003.06.006