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祝智庭教授最早从技术文化的视角揭示了教育信息技术的本质,并形成了一套较为完整的教育信息文化观体系,具体包括教育文化分类模型、网络教学传播模型、协同学习系统模型、信息化教学四定律、信息技术促变五定律等。他率先从工程理念的角度设计了教育信息技术的系统架构,并提炼出教育信息技术的表征,形成了一套较为完整的教育信息化体系,具体包括教育信息化系统架构、教育信息化技术标准体系、智慧教育实现框架。
技术赋能的智慧教育是由祝智庭教授于2012年开启的新研究领域。中央电化教育馆原馆长王珠珠经调研认为,我国自此进入了现代意义上的智慧教育时代[1]。在我国,智慧教育理念已被广泛接受,2018年,教育部更是将“智慧教育创新发展”作为实施教育信息化2.0的八大行动之一,希望以此形成示范效应,从而构筑教育改革和发展的新途径、新模式。在我国智慧教育发展即将十周年之际,本刊特约作者彭红超博士对祝智庭教授进行了访谈,就技术赋能的智慧教育图景、技术对智慧教育的作用、智慧学习环境的新发展、人机协同决策的思路以及智慧教育下的教师专业发展等问题进行了深入交流。
Technology-Enabled Innovative Development of Smarter Education——An Interview with Dr. ZHU Zhiting, A Pioneering Researcher of Smart Education in ChinaZHU Zhiting
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摘要: 祝智庭教授和他的团队致力于智慧教育方面的研究有近十年的时间, 形成了一套较为完整的智慧教育生态体系研究框架, 主要包括智慧教育生态理念、学习环境生态、教法生态、学习生态、教师发展生态等。祝教授认为, 智慧教育不应只是享受技术带来的便利, 还应为培养善于学习、善于创造的人才作出贡献; 智慧教育就是通过人机协同作用来优化教学过程和促进学习者更好发展的一种未来教育范式。祝教授一直秉承着"生态观"的教育哲学思想, 并基于此构建了智慧教学生态模型和智慧学习生态模型, 用于服务智慧教育中教师的"教"与学生的"学"。祝教授认为智慧学习无须拘泥于固定的框架, 教育技术工作者应该"喜新不厌旧"。祝教授对新时代智慧教育下的教师专业发展提出建议, 认为智慧教学的发展变化是常态, 教师的"合格"多数时候是短暂的, 因此教师最重要的是通过自身不断努力发展数据智慧、教学智慧和文化智慧。他倡导新时代教师专业发展应当精细化、角色化、团队化, 并为教师专业发展评价提供了中国评价方案。Abstract: Dr. Zhu Zhiting is a pioneering researcher of smart education in China. He and his team have been working on smart education for nearly a decade, and have created a complete ecosystem of smart education. This ecosystem includes the ecological concept of smart education, the ecology of the learning environment, the ecology of teaching methods, the ecology of learning methods, and the ecology of teacher development, etc. Dr. Zhu believes that smart education should not just enjoy the "convenience" brought by technology, but more importantly, cultivate talents who are good at learning and creating. The essence of smart education is a future education paradigm that optimizes the teaching process and promotes the development of learners through human-computer collaboration. The philosophy of education that Dr. Zhu has always adhered to is the "ecological view". He has built a smart teaching ecology and smart learning ecology to serve teachers and students in smart education. He believes that smart learning does not need to be stuck in a fixed framework. Dr. Zhu has a motto: "Educational technology works should love the new and never tire of the old". This claim has been verified by educators' action of "keeping teaching and learning at home" during the epidemic. Dr. Zhu made suggestions for the professional development of smart teachers in the new era. The development and changes of smart teaching are normal, which leads to the short-term "qualification" of teachers. Therefore, the most important thing for teachers is to continue to work hard to develop data wisdom, teaching wisdom, and cultural wisdom. He believes that it is unwise for teachers to focus all their energies on mastering more abilities. He advocates that the professional development of teachers in the new era should be refined, role-oriented, and team-oriented, and he also provides an evaluation plan with Chinese characteristics for teacher's professional development.
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[1] 王珠珠. 智慧教育的提出与推动——兼谈祝智庭教授的学术风格[R]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2019. [2] 祝智庭, 彭红超. 信息技术支持的高效知识教学: 激发精准教学的活力[J]. 中国电化教育, 2016(1): 18-25. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDJY201601006.htm [3] 彭红超, 祝智庭. 深度学习研究: 发展脉络与瓶颈[J]. 现代远程教育研究, 2020(1): 41-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5195.2020.01.005 [4] 祝智庭. 智慧教育新发展: 从翻转课堂到智慧课堂及智慧学习空间[J]. 开放教育研究, 2016(1): 18-26, 49. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JFJJ201601003.htm [5] 祝智庭, 管珏琪. 教育变革中的技术力量[J]. 中国电化教育, 2014(1): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9860.2014.01.002 [6] OECD. OECD skills outlook 2019: thriving in a digital world[EB/OL]. [2021-01-07]. http://www.oecd.org/education/oecd-skills-outlook-e11c1c2d-en.html. [7] 中华人民共和国教育部. 2019年全国教育事业发展统计公报[EB/OL]. [2021-01-07]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/sjzl_fztjgb/202005/t20200520_456751.html. [8] 祝智庭, 彭红超. 全媒体学习生态: 应对大规模疫情时期上学难题的实用解方[J]. 中国电化教育, 2020(3): 1-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9860.2020.03.001 [9] 祝智庭, 彭红超. 技术赋能智慧教育之实践路径[J]. 中国教育学刊, 2020(10): 1-8. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJYX202010005.htm [10] 祝智庭, 韩中美, 黄昌勤. 教育人工智能(eAI): 人本人工智能的新范式[J]. 电化教育研究, 2021(1): 5-15. doi: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YCJY201701003.htm
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