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教师素质是教育质量的重要保证,教师培养则是高质量师资队伍建设的前提和关键。自18世纪中叶英国开展专业化教师培养以来,经过两百多年的发展和变革,英国已形成较为完善并颇具特色的教师培养体系。为不断提升教师素质,英国坚持通过探索不同策略促进职前教师培养,加强职前教师培养的政策引导,优化和完善职前教师的培养路径,已取得一定成效,并呈现出新的发展趋势和特征。在我国,党和国家也历来高度重视教师工作。习近平总书记在关于教育的重要论述中深刻阐释了“教育优先发展”这一战略问题,尤其关注“培养什么样的教师、怎样培养教师”这一关键性问题,强调要坚持把教师队伍建设作为基础工作,努力提高教师的政治地位、社会地位、职业地位[1],这对正处于改革发展中的教师教育具有重要指导意义。此外,于2018年颁布的《中共中央国务院关于全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见》指出,“党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央将教师队伍建设摆在突出位置,作出一系列重大决策部署,各地区各部门和各级各类学校采取有力措施认真贯彻落实,教师队伍建设取得显著成就”,但同时也强调“ 面对社会的新方位、 新征程、 新使命, 教师队伍建设还不能完全适应”[2]。虽然中英两国在社会文化背景和教育环境等方面存在诸多差异,但英国职前教师培养的发展模式可以为我国发展教师教育提供借鉴。
Multi-training Path of Initial Teacher Education in the UK
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摘要:
教师素质是教育质量的重要保证, 教师培养则是打造高质量师资队伍的前提和关键。英国教师教育发展历史悠久, 有着完善的职前教师培养体系, 为英国中小学输送了大量优质教师。但目前, 英国仍面临教师紧缺的问题和提高合格教师资质标准的需要。在此背景下, 英国全面实施"常规教师"培训和"卓越教师"培训相结合的职前教师多元培养, 形成了高校、中小学和社会机构协同, 学位课程和项目课程兼具的教师培养模式, 体现出职前教师培养路径多元化、经济资助制度化、学员准入规范化的特点, 为我国进一步创新职前教师培养模式提供了宝贵经验。
Abstract:The quality of teachers is an important guarantee of the quality of education, and teacher education is the key to ensuring the quality of teachers. Initial teacher education in the UK has a long history and its well-developed system has delivered a large number of high-quality teachers to primary and secondary schools. However, the UK is still facing a shortage of teachers and the need to improve the standards of qualified teachers. Against this background, the UK has carried out a comprehensive initial teacher training combining "regular" teacher training routes and "outstanding" teacher training routes, with the cooperation of universities, primary and secondary schools, and social institutions, including degree-based and project-based courses, which embodies the diversification of initial teacher training approaches, the institutionalization of financial support, and the standardization of student access. The mode of initial teacher training in the UK provides valuable experience for China.
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Key words:
- UK /
- teacher education /
- initial teacher training /
- policy analysis /
- collaborative cultivation .
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