-
在全球化背景下,跨文化能力培养已成为国际教育领域的一大研究热点。虽然学者们对跨文化能力的定义或内涵各持己见,但都认同其“指与不同文化背景的人有效、恰当交往的能力”[1]。整体而言,该能力包括认知、情感、行为三个层面。其中,认知层面(跨文化意识)是情感层面(跨文化敏感性)的基础,情感层面又引起行为层面(跨文化灵巧性)的变化[2]。为实现不同民族及国家间的平等对话,促进彼此的相互理解与尊重,实现社会团结与共同进步,人们需要不断学习,培养自身的跨文化能力,成为具有国际视野、能够进行广泛国际合作与沟通的全球公民。作为以教书育人为己任的教师,自身更需要具备全球观念与世界视野,拥有跨文化能力,只有这样才能有效培养出适应全球化时代的国际性人才[3]。注重职前教师的跨文化学习已成为各国高校教师教育改革的一个重要方向。为职前教师提供多元化的课程与体验,能够帮助其获取跨文化知识与技能、增强文化敏感性,进而促使其在今后的教学中关注学生跨文化能力的培养。
Cross-cultural Coursesin Teacher Education in the United States of America and Canada and Their Implications
-
摘要: 在经济全球化、文化多元化的时代,不同民族、不同国家之间的合作与交流日益频繁,培养具备全球意识和跨文化能力的公民已成为国际教育领域的热点话题。作为承担培养国际性人才这一重任的教师,自身必须具备良好的跨文化素养,必须努力提高跨文化沟通与合作能力。因此,如何培养职前教师的跨文化能力已成为各国高校教师教育的重要议题。基于这一背景,美国和加拿大部分高校为职前教师提供了一系列跨文化课程。这些课程主要包括多元文化课程、跨文化社区体验课程以及海外实习课程,旨在帮助职前教师获取丰富的跨文化知识与体验,提高其在多元文化环境中任教的能力。这些跨文化课程为我国的教师教育提供了借鉴。Abstract: In the era of globalization and cultural diversity, the cooperation and exchanges between different nations and countries are becoming more and more frequent.The cultivation of citizens with global awareness and cross-cultural competence has become a hot topic in the field of international education.As teacher sassume the responsibilities of cultivating international talents, they are expected to be equipped with good cross-cultural competence and strive to improve the ability of cross-cultural communication and cooperation. Hence how to cultivate pre-service teachers' cross-cultural awareness and competence has become the focus of Teacher Education in colleges and universities all over the world.Against this background, some universities in the United States of America and Canada provide pre-service teachers with a series of cross-cultural courses, mainly including multicultural courses, community-based experiences and overseas programs, aiming to help prospective teachers acquire rich cross-cultural knowledge and experiences and improve their ability to teach in a multicultural environment.These cross-cultural courses are valuable for pre-service teacher education in China.
-
[1] PERRY L B, SOUTHWELL L. Developing intercultural understanding and skills:models and approaches[J]. Intercultural Education, 2011, 22(6):453-466. doi: 10.1080/14675986.2011.644948 [2] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=071a6aa2413fa2073b22ece1bc98d033&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn CHEN G M, STAROSTA W J. A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity[J]. Human Communication, 1997, 1(1):1-16. [3] 杨启光.美国教师教育变革中的国际跨文化教学实习——以印第安纳大学文化体验方案为例[J].教师教育研究, 2011, 23(1):73-76. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=gdsfjyyj201101014 [4] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=d98f783fbdf7190c6f138c252ce58871&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn CUSHNER K. The role of experience in the making of internationally-minded teachers[J]. Teacher Education Quarterly, 2007, 34(1):27-39. [5] EMERT A H. Developing intercultural competence through teaching abroad with Fulbright: personal experience and professional impact[D]. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Doctoral dissertation, 2008. [6] APPLE M W. Global crises, social justice, and teacher education[J]. Journal of Teacher Education, 2011, 62(2):222-234. doi: 10.1177/0022487110385428 [7] ZHAO Y. Preparing globally competent teachers:a new imperative for teacher education[J]. Journal of Teacher Education, 2010, 61(5):422-431. doi: 10.1177/0022487110375802 [8] 杜钢.美国多元文化职前教师教育的社区服务学习方法探析[J].比较教育研究, 2012, 34(4):78-81. doi: http://www.cqvip.com/QK/97174A/201204/41435307.html [9] 任怡.加拿大职前教师教育的课程设置——基于安大略省的研究[D].重庆: 西南大学硕士学位论文, 2015. [10] The University of British Columbia. Course schedule & outlines[EB/OL].[2019-01-05]. http://teach.educ.ubc.ca/students/courses/201819-schedules-and-outlines/elementary-middle-years/. [11] 王艳玲, 苟顺明.美国多元文化教师教育的实施策略与启示[J].教师教育研究, 2012, 24(5):85-91. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/7838480 [12] KEENGWE J. Fostering cross-cultural competence in preservice teachers through multicultural education experiences[J]. Early Childhood Education Journal, 2010, 38(3):197-204. doi: 10.1007/s10643-010-0401-5 [13] TOROK C E, AGUILAR T E. Changes in preservice teachers' knowledge and beliefs about language issues[J]. Equity & Excellence in Education, 2000, 33(2):24-31. [14] MILNER H R. Teacher reflection and race in cultural contexts:history, meanings, and methods in teaching[J]. Theory into Practice, 2003, 42(3):173-180. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4203_2 [15] GARMON M A. Using dialogue journals to promote student learning in a multicultural teacher education course[J]. Remedial and Special Education, 1998, 19(1):32-45. doi: 10.1177/074193259801900104 [16] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=1a50c49a0194dcf8d46f48b3133f8dfb&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn PEWEWARDY C. Shared journaling:a methodology for engaging white preservice students into multicultural education discourse[J]. Teacher Education Quarterly, 2005, 32(1):41-60. [17] VILLEGAS A M, LUCAS T. Educating culturally responsive teachers:a coherent approach[M]. Albany, NY:State University of New York Press, 2002. [18] COCHRAN-SMITH M, FEIMAN-NEMSER S, MCINTYRE D J, et al. Handbook of research on teacher education: enduring questions in changing contexts[M]//SLEETER C E. Preparing white teachers for diverse students. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2008: 559-582. [19] University of British Columbia. Education: indigenous teacher education program (NITEP)[EB/OL].[2019-04-30]. https://you.ubc.ca/ubc_programs/education-nitep/. [20] McGill University. Education (First nations and Inuit studies)[EB/OL].[2019-04-30]. https://mcgill.ca/undergraduate-admissions/education-first-nations-and-inuit-studies. [21] University of Hawaii. Watch the commencement live stream on Saturday[EB/OL].[2019-04-30]. https://westoahu.hawaii.edu/academics/degrees/education/. [22] 吕光洙, 徐榛璐, 宋官东.试析美国教师教育国际化——以印第安纳大学海外实习项目为个案[J].外国教育研究, 2016, 43(10):64-77. doi: http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=wgjyyj201610006 [23] SLICK G A. Emerging trends in teacher preparation: the future of field experiences[M]//STACHOWSKI L L, MAHAN J M. Learning from international field experiences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 1995: 99-107. [24] Indiana University Bloomington. Global gateway for teachers[EB/OL].[2019-01-05]. https://education.indiana.edu/programs/global-gateway/index.html. [25] The University of British Columbia. International perspectives in teacher education[EB/OL].[2019-01-05]. http://teach.educ.ubc.ca/international-perspectives-in-teacher-education/. [26] GLEESON M, TAIT C. Teachers as sojourners:transitory communities in short study-abroad programmes[J]. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2012, 28(8):1144-1151. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2012.07.005 [27] MARQUARDT S. (Re)telling: a narrative inquiry into pre-service TESOL teachers' study abroad experiences[D]. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan State University, Doctoral dissertation, 2011. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=malaysian+AND+studies&pg=21&id=ED533232 [28] doi: http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=a88cb94ea1d8ac8be1d219987a053eb7&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn MARX H, MOSS D M. Please mind the culture gap:intercultural development during a teacher education study abroad program[J]. Journal of Teacher Education, 2011, 62(1):35-47. [29] PENCE H M, MACGILLIVRAY I K. The impact of an international field experience on preservice teachers[J]. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2008, 24(1):14-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2007.01.003 [30] ORLAND-BARAK L, CRAIG C J. International teacher education: promising pedagogies: part B[M]//XU S J, CHEN S J, HUANG J. Pedagogies of working with diversity: west-east reciprocal learning in preservice teacher education. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015: 137-160. [31] HUANG J. Pre-service teacher education and induction in southwest China:a narrative inquiry through cross-cultural teacher development[M]. Cham Switzerland:Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. [32] 韩延明, 左媛媛.加拿大高校课程国际化工作坊的运行及启示——以汤普森河大学为例[J].大学教育科学, 2018(3):38-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0717.2018.03.007 [33] 核心素养研究课题组.中国学生发展核心素养[J].中国教育学刊, 2016(10):1-3. doi: http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/shsfdxxb-zxsh201706011 [34] 刘芳.国际教育背景下教师跨文化适应的国外经验及启示[J].教育与职业, 2014(33):73-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3985.2014.33.031
计量
- 文章访问数: 1280
- HTML全文浏览数: 1140
- PDF下载数: 14
- 施引文献: 0