摘要:
猕猴桃是一种藤本经济作物, 一般采取棚架栽培种植方式, 设计良好的棚架不仅便于地上作业管理, 同时还能够充分利用土地空间, 改善作物的通风采光条件, 减少病虫、大风等对农作物造成的危害, 提高作物产量和品质.选取3种猕猴桃栽培的棚架形式 (壁篱架、“T”形架、平顶大棚架) 为研究对象, 分别进行了风荷载与吊重荷载耦合作用下的有限元静力分析, 并根据分析结果对棚架结构进行优化, 以提高棚架的稳固性和安全性.结果表明:壁篱形棚架两端顶部的地锚拉丝和立柱底部轴力最大;“T”形棚架弯矩最大处发生在拉丝两端;平顶大棚架四周拉丝和四周地锚拉丝轴力最大, 弯矩最大处发生横梁和拉丝中间.根据数值模拟计算得出每种棚架的薄弱环节并可为其他藤本经济作物棚架的选型提供参考.
关键词:
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猕猴桃
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栽培棚架
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风荷载
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有限元
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静力分析
Abstract:
Kiwifruit as a kind of economic crops of vines, and its planting cultivation needs to provide support.A well-designed scaffolding can not only facilitate management of ground operations, but also make full use of land space, improve ventilation and lighting conditions, reduce crop diseases and pests to do harm to the crops, and improve crop yield and quality.This paper selects the three forms of cultivated kiwifruit scaffolding (wall fence, “T”shaped frame, flat ceiling frame) , it carries out the finite element analysis in the situations of the wind load and hoisting load coupling respectively.And according to the results of the analysis to optimize the scaffolding structure, in order to improve the stability and safety of the scaffolding.Results show that both ends of the top wall fence shaped scaffolding anchor wire drawing and column bottom maximum axial force;the maximum bending moment of“T”shaped frame occurs at both ends of the wire drawing;The axial force of wire drawing and anchor wire around the flat ceiling frame is maximum, and the maximum bending moment occurs between the crossbeam and the drawing wire.According to the numerical simulation, it can be found the weak link of each kind of scaffold and provides reference for the selection of other economic crops.
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