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酉州乌羊是重庆市地方优良皮肉兼用型山羊品种,主要分布于武陵山区腹地的酉阳土家族苗族自治县,2006年被认定为重庆市地方山羊品种,2009年正式被国家品种审定委员会评定为国家级遗传资源[1].酉州乌羊是当地白山羊在封闭的生态环境中,通过长期自然选择而形成的新品种,具有抗逆性强、耐粗饲、肉质细嫩等特点.
酉州乌羊因其皮肤、眼、鼻子、嘴、肛门和阴门等可视黏膜为乌色[2]而得名,其肉清香、膻味淡、香气浓郁、味道独特,且含有丰富的黑色素,具有一定的药用疗效,因此被当地百姓称为“药羊”[3].近年来,人们逐渐发现酉州乌羊具有独特的经济价值、较高的药用价值和特殊的营养价值,并从生长发育[4]、血液生理生化指标[5]等方面对其进行了研究,但在屠宰性能、肉品质等方面还未有全面系统的报道.本试验选择6月龄的酉州乌羊和与其个体差异较大的波尔山羊杂交后代(波杂羊)、以及与其个体差异较小的本地白山羊(白山羊)进行屠宰,测定它们的屠宰性能和肉品质,并对这3个群体的屠宰性能和肉品质进行比较研究,为进一步的种质特性探讨提供理论依据.
Study on Carcass Quality and Meat Traits of Youzhou Black Goats, Local White Goats and Upgrading Offspring of Boer Goat Population
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摘要: 随机选择6月龄酉州乌羊、本地白山羊和波杂羊公羊各3只,屠宰后进行屠宰性能和肉品质研究.结果表明:① 酉州乌羊与本地白山羊生长性状、屠宰性能和肉品质指标均差异不具有统计学意义(p<0.05). ② 酉州乌羊的体高极显著低于波杂羊(p<0.01),管围显著短于波杂羊(p<0.05). ③ 酉州乌羊的肉骨比高于其他群体,宰后质量、胴体长极显著低于波杂羊(p<0.01),胴体质量、骨质量、净肉质量显著低于波杂羊(p<0.05). ④ 酉州乌羊的皮质量、皮厚、皮张面积、前蹄质量、后蹄质量、肝脏质量、脾脏质量、左肾质量、内脂质量、小肠净质量极显著低于波杂羊(p<0.01),心脏质量、脾脏质量、右肾质量、胃含内容物质量、小肠含内容物质量、小肠长度、大肠含内容物质量、大肠净质量显著低于波杂羊(p<0.05). ⑤ 酉州乌羊与波杂羊的肉品质指标差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05).Abstract: Three 6-month-old male lambs were randomly selected from Youzhou black goats, local white goats and upgrading offspring of Boer goats each, and their carcass quality and meat traits were investigated after slaughtering. The indexes of growth traits, carcass quality and meat traits showed no significant differences between Youzhou black goats and local white goats (p > 0.05). The height at withers in the Youzhou black goat group was highly significantly lower than that of the upgrading offspring of Boer goat group (p < 0.01), and the cannon circumference in the Youzhou black goat group was significantly shorter than that of the group of the upgrading offspring of Boer goat (p < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the Youzhou black goat had higher meat-bone ratio. Its slaughter weight and carcass length were highly significantly greater than those of the upgrading offspring of Boer goat (p < 0.01), and its carcass weight, bone weight and net meat weight were significantly greater than those of the upgrading offspring of Boer goat (p < 0.05). Compared with the upgrading offspring of Boer goat, the Youzhou black goat had highly significantly higher skin weight, skin thickness, area of skin, fore-foot weight, hind-foot weight, liver weight, spleen weight, left kidney weight, inner-lipid weight and small intestine net weight (p < 0.01), and significantly greater heart weight, spleen weight, right kidney weight, content in stomach weight, small intestine content weight, small intestine length, big intestine content weight and big intestine net weight (p < 0.05). The indexes of meat traits showed no significant differences between the Youzhou black goat and the upgrading offspring of Boer goat (p > 0.05).
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Key words:
- Youzhou black goat /
- local white goat /
- upgrading offspring of Boer goat /
- carcass quality /
- meat trait .
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表 1 酉州乌羊、白山羊和波杂羊3个群体宰前的生长性状指标
指标 酉州乌羊 白山羊 波杂羊 体质量/kg 10.13±1.09Bb 11.33±0.14Bb 16.73±1.23Aa 体高/cm 35.33±1.71Bb 39.67±0.54ABb 46.67±1.57Aa 体斜长/cm 44.83±2.95 44.83±0.59 50.50±1.55 胸围/cm 55.83±2.83 55.83±0.36 63.17±2.31 管围/cm 6.67±0.47b 7.70±0.12ab 8.10±0.17a 注:同一行数据间标有不同大写字母表示差异极具有统计学意义(p<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05). 表 2 酉州乌羊、白山羊和波杂羊3个群体的各种胴体性能指标
指标 酉州乌羊 白山羊 波杂羊 宰后质量/kg 9.80±1.14Bb 10.80±0.19ABb 16.13±1.18Aa 血质量/kg 0.33±0.11 0.53±0.05 0.60±0.09 胴体质量/kg 3.82±0.48b 4.36±0.26b 6.62±0.71a 骨质量/kg 0.83±0.10b 1.16±0.04b 1.61±0.19a 净肉质量/kg 2.71±0.24b 3.06±0.30b 4.77±0.55a 胴体长/cm 36.00±1.41Bb 38.67±0.27ABb 44.67±1.09Aa 胴体前宽/cm 21.00±0.94 21.67±0.54 23.67±1.19 胴体后宽/cm 12.33±1.09 16.00±0.94 13.57±1.36 屠宰率/% 37.57±1.54 38.45±2.18 39.28±1.36 肉骨比 3.31±0.14 2.65±0.29 2.98±0.08 净肉率/% 26.92±0.93 26.93±2.49 28.27±1.20 胴体产肉率/% 71.82±2.41 69.67±2.90 71.91±0.72 眼肌面积/cm2 9.14±0.58 9.02±0.54 10.56±1.80 注:同一行数据间标有不同大写字母表示差异极具有统计学意义(p<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05). 表 3 酉州乌羊、白山羊和波杂羊3个群体非胴体组织器官的质量及尺寸
指标 酉州乌羊 白山羊 波杂羊 皮质量/kg 1.01±0.11Bb 1.17±0.10ABb 1.65±0.10Aa 皮厚/mm 1.83±0.08Bb 2.32±0.28ABab 3.04±0.14Aa 皮张面积/m2 0.233±0.020Bb 0.289±0.014ABab 0.353±0.014Aa 头质量/kg 0.732±0.050 0.775±0.007 0.873±0.007 前蹄质量/kg 0.125±0.016Bb 0.158±0.010ABb 0.235±0.010Aa 后蹄质量/kg 0.130±0.020Bb 0.177±0.007Bb 0.268±0.007Aa 心脏质量/g 48.33±4.91b 59.83±2.19ab 75.00±8.16a 肝脏质量/g 176.67±24.53Bb 238.33±14.21ABab 305.00±10.27Aa 脾脏质量/g 12.34±1.21b 17.39±1.55ab 23.49±3.28a 肺脏质量/g 154.33±11.32Bb 158.33±1.36Bb 238.33±12.10Aa 内脂质量/g 73.33±18.91Bb 113.33±39.88Bb 356.67±26.07Aa 膀胱 含内容物质量/g 25.00±0.00 32.50±4.33 30.00±2.89 净质量/g 12.50±1.44 11.62±1.38 18.52±1.93 肾脏 左/g 17.51±1.75Bb 28.96±2.51Bb 54.23±5.24Aa 右/g 16.15±1.01b 27.72±3.54b 52.84±9.12a 胆囊 有胆汁/g 6.48±1.84 13.81±4.35 18.14±4.88 无胆汁/g 1.96±0.50 3.49±0.17 3.88±0.68 胃 含内容物质量/g 1951.67±503.25b 2068.33±163.85b 3650.00±145.22a 净质量/g 456.67±84.21 571.67±5.93 668.33±51.33 小肠 含内容物质量/g 330.00±38.80b 426.67±41.19ab 548.33±24.08a 净质量/g 214.84±20.48Bb 276.25±11.29Bb 413.33±19.63Aa 长度/cm 1426.67±129.62b 1372.00±52.54b 1895.33±68.32a 大肠 含内容物质量/g 273.53±28.68b 310.00±27.79ab 430.00±31.71a 净质量/g 136.86±24.49b 136.64±9.01b 213.33±9.81a 长度/cm 356.33±19.63 393.17±25.42 413.33±10.89 盲肠 含内容物质量/g 61.67±8.28 170.00±45.89 155.00±8.16 净质量/g 18.33±2.72 38.33±8.28 31.67±2.72 长度/cm 17.00±0.00 20.33±0.72 20.00±1.25 注:同一行数据间标有不同大写字母表示差异极具有统计学意义(p<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05). 表 4 酉州乌羊、白山羊和波杂羊3个群体的肉品质
指标 酉州乌羊 白山羊 波杂羊 剪切力/kg 4.42±0.16 4.57±0.25 5.22±0.19 肉色 88.00±1.04 79.00±2.74 86.63±0.88 pH值 6.80±0.04 7.04±0.04 6.90±0.08 熟肉率/% 57.72±2.83 53.41±1.32 60.64±1.51 -
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