摘要:
建立了纳米粒子系统屏蔽效应的物理模型,应用电动力学理论求出了系统的电荷和电势分布以及屏蔽参量.以Cu和Al粒子为例,探讨了粒子线度和材料对纳米粒子系统的电荷、电势分布和屏蔽参量的影响.结果表明:两种不同金属纳米粒子构成的系统,其电荷密度和电势分布与单个带电粒子的电荷和电势分布不同,它们不仅与粒子的线度有关,而且还与粒子数密度、电子费米能、纳米粒子的分布范围等有关;两种粒子的电荷符号和密度分布不同:一种粒子的电荷密度为正且随离中心的距离增大而增大,而另一种粒子的情况相反;电荷密度随距离的变化快慢取决于粒子的线度,电荷密度的变化主要发生在两种粒子分布区域的分界面附近;系统的电势分布在两种粒子分布区域分界面处取极小值,其屏蔽参量要比块状晶体的值要小,与粒子线度、费米能、粒子数密度和分布范围等都有关.理论结果与文献给出的实验资料一致.
Abstract:
A physical model of the shielding effect in nanometric systems is constructed.Based on electrodynamics,the distribution of charge and electric potential and the parameters of the shield in nanometric systems are obtained.With Cu and Ag as samples,the influences of radius and material on the distribution of the charge and electric potential and the parameters of the shield in the nanometric system are discussed.The results show that in a system made up of two kinds of nanometric particles,the distribution of the charge density and electric potential are different from those of a single-particle system and that they are related not only to particle radius,but to the number density,Fermi-energy and distributive region of the nanometric particles as well.The values are consistent with experiment data from other sources in literature.
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