Robustness of Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Polar Stereo Image

Min NIE

doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2019.07.012

Message Board

Dear readers, authors and reviewers,you can add a message on this page. We will reply to you as soon as possible!

To address the problem that the graphic image watermarking algorithm can't well apply to stereo images, a blind stereoscopic image watermarking algorithm has been proposed, and conduct simulation been studied. Firstly, the stereoscopic image is blocked and the polarity of the divided blocks are defined, and then the watermark is embedded by modulating the relationship between watermark and the polarity of the divided blocks:if the watermark information is zero, the polarity of the corresponding image block need changing to make the bipolar opposite; otherwise make the same polarities. In the process of watermark extraction, watermark information can be extracted as long as the relationship between image blocks polarity is judged, achieve the blind watermark extraction. Through related attacks experiments, the results show that the algorithm has strong robustness. The stereo image blind watermarking algorithm is feasible and effective.

Other Articles By Authors

on this site

Min NIE

on Google Scholar

Min NIE

Robustness of Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Polar Stereo Image

Received Date: 27/09/2017

Available Online: 20/07/2019

Key words:

Abstract: To address the problem that the graphic image watermarking algorithm can't well apply to stereo images, a blind stereoscopic image watermarking algorithm has been proposed, and conduct simulation been studied. Firstly, the stereoscopic image is blocked and the polarity of the divided blocks are defined, and then the watermark is embedded by modulating the relationship between watermark and the polarity of the divided blocks:if the watermark information is zero, the polarity of the corresponding image block need changing to make the bipolar opposite; otherwise make the same polarities. In the process of watermark extraction, watermark information can be extracted as long as the relationship between image blocks polarity is judged, achieve the blind watermark extraction. Through related attacks experiments, the results show that the algorithm has strong robustness. The stereo image blind watermarking algorithm is feasible and effective.

HTML

三维视频系统的开发和立体影像产品的制作有极大的市场前景和发展潜力^[1-3].视频的违法复制和产品的非正常传播等现象是知识产权领域中普遍存在的尖锐问题.数字水印可以对信息实现有效的隐藏, 为版权保护提供了一种新思路^[4-13].

对平面图像产品进行数字水印处理已经得到深入研究, 其中基于关系的水印算法比较成熟, 但都是针对平面图像.目前, 立体图像的水印算法比较缺乏.本文在深入研究成熟平面图像水印算法技术前提下, 以立体图像为载体, 充分发挥关系调制技术的优势, 提出了一种新型的盲水印算法.

1. 基于关系调制的立体图像水印算法

立体图像是由左右两个相机在同一时刻对同一场景采集得到.

1.1. 水印嵌入程序

步骤1:确定对应图像块的极性.把原始图像均分为8×8块, 并做DCT变换处理, 由式(1)确定对应极性:

其中: P_{t, k}为对应的极性, X_{0, k}为对应的直流系数, X_{t, k}为对应的中频系数, s_k为对应的缩放系数, M为嵌入位数, K为原图像的块数, 同时满足0 < k≤K.

步骤2:获取二值化水印图像并作Arnold变换, 可以分散受攻击力度, 提高检测准确率; 其次是设置密钥, 密钥值设置为置换次数, 以确保水印的安全.

步骤3:将左右对应的图像块根据置乱的水印信息进行极性调制, 如果水印的信息是0, 就把图像块极性调制为相反; 如果水印信息为1, 就把图像块块极性调制为相同.对位于水印中的DCT系数进行以下变化:

其中:δ_m=|s_k×X_{0, k}|－|X_{i, k}|+K2, K1与K2依据水印的鲁棒性和添加水印的图像的不可感知性来选取.

步骤4:反变换水印中的DCT系数, 可以得到水印的立体图像.

1.2. 提取水印

步骤1:对要进行检测的图像就行DCT变换, 并且把图像分为8×8的方格.根据密钥1(s_k)进行计算得出图像块系数的极性:

步骤2:确定水印信息:极性相同取为1, 极性不同取为0.

步骤3:由水印嵌入程序中的变换周期, 并结合相关的密钥2, 对上述的水印信息做反置乱处理, 可以获得符合要求的图像.

1.3. 水印的客观评价

一般情况下, 水印的客观评价指标选用的都是NC值:

由于NC只反映水印图像(二值图像)中的1的检测准确率, 不能反映0的检测率, 只要保证1的失真小或者只要保证1的检测率就可以令NC值很大, 所以该评价指标欠佳. HC是本文定义的另一个评价指标, 是检测图像和原始图像的归一化值, 能反映检测图像与原始图像的整体相似程度:

3. 结论

通过对图像水印经典算法的进一步研究, 提出一种新的立体图像盲数字水印算法.在嵌入位置和嵌入对策上做了一些改进, 从整体上看, 该算法表现出较强的鲁棒性.怎样更好利用立体图像的特点和从立体图像中找到一个更稳定的关系是下一步的研究重点.

Figure (5) Reference (13)

Name
	Name cannot be empty!
E-mail
	Mailbox cannot be empty! Mailbox cannot be empty!
Telephone
	Mobile number cannot be empty! Please enter a valid mobile number!
Title

Content
Verification Code

[1]	季建华.基于物联网的智能家居远程监控系统设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件, 2015, 32(11):143-146, 205. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-386x.2015.11.033 CrossRef Google Scholar
[2]	SONG B, HASSAN M M, TIAN Y, et al.Remote Display Solution for Video Surveillance in Multimedia Cloud[J].Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2016, 75(21):13375-13396. doi: 10.1007/s11042-015-2816-x CrossRef Google Scholar
[3]	明艳.基于3D相邻区域宏块相关性的多视点视频快速编码算法[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 28(6):783-788. Google Scholar
[4]	李红日, 方逵.基于误差扩展与像素容量评估的图像水印算法[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 39(10):109-118. Google Scholar
[5]	汤永利, 高玉龙, 于金霞, 等.基于DCT域的增益不变量化的数字图像水印算法[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 29(2):223-231. Google Scholar
[6]	ALI M, AHN C W, PANT M.A Robust Image Watermarking Technique Using SVD and Differential Evolution in DCT Domain[J].Optik, 2014, 125(1):428-434. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.06.082 CrossRef Google Scholar
[7]	江烨倩, 宋春霖.一种改进的伪3D-DCT域的视频零水印算法[J].计算机工程与科学, 2017, 39(9):1721-1728. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-130X.2017.09.019 CrossRef Google Scholar
[8]	程格平, 凌贺飞.基于视觉模型的抗共谋指纹方案[J].计算机工程与应用, 2015, 51(9):107-110, 116. doi: 10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.1305-0455 CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	张明辉, 冯桂.基于纹理方向的高效视频编码鲁棒视频水印[J].计算机应用, 2015, 35(9):2531-2534. Google Scholar
[10]	王颖, 袁开国, 席敏超.基于离散余弦变换的可移除数字视频水印算法[J].计算机工程, 2015, 41(5):169-174. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3428.2015.05.031 CrossRef Google Scholar
[11]	HSU L Y, HU H T.Robust Blind Image Watermarking Using Crisscross Inter-Block Prediction in the DCT Domain[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2017, 46:33-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2017.03.009 CrossRef Google Scholar
[12]	窦永梅.基于DWT与DCT的灰度水印图像嵌入算法[J].计算机与现代化, 2014(2):197-200. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2475.2014.02.044 CrossRef Google Scholar
[13]	高晓琴, 晏勇, 唐琦.基于可逆数字水印的图像认证新方法[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 40(7):119-123. Google Scholar

Message Board

Robustness of Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Polar Stereo Image

Abstract

References

Access History

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Access History

Other Articles By Authors

Robustness of Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Polar Stereo Image