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2021 Issue 5
Article Contents

GUO Fu-ri, LUO Fang, KANG Shu-gui. On Positive Solutions to a Class of Fractional q-Derivative Three-Point Boundary Value Problem[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 46(5): 8-12. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2021.05.002
Citation: GUO Fu-ri, LUO Fang, KANG Shu-gui. On Positive Solutions to a Class of Fractional q-Derivative Three-Point Boundary Value Problem[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 46(5): 8-12. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2021.05.002

On Positive Solutions to a Class of Fractional q-Derivative Three-Point Boundary Value Problem

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  • Received Date: 01/09/2019
    Available Online: 20/05/2021
  • MSC: O175.8

  • We are interested in the existence and uniqueness of positive solution for a class of nonlinear fractional q-derivative three-point boundary value problem with parameter. Based upon the characteristics of the operator equations Ax=λx, we get some properties of positive solution dependent on the parameter λ > 0.
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On Positive Solutions to a Class of Fractional q-Derivative Three-Point Boundary Value Problem

Abstract: We are interested in the existence and uniqueness of positive solution for a class of nonlinear fractional q-derivative three-point boundary value problem with parameter. Based upon the characteristics of the operator equations Ax=λx, we get some properties of positive solution dependent on the parameter λ > 0.

  • 近年来,关于分数阶q-导数方程的研究有许多[1-10],但大部分讨论的是正解的存在唯一性,采用的方法主要是Schauder不动点理论、Leggect-williams不动点理论、单调迭代原理和锥拉伸锥压缩不动点理论,文献[9]讨论了一类分数阶q-导数三点边值问题

    正解的存在唯一性和正解的一些性质,所采用的方法是单调混合算子不动点理论及迭代逼近.

    若边值问题中非线性项带了参数,那么解与参数会有什么样的依赖关系?本文基于这个问题,受文献[11-13]的启发讨论了下列带参数的分数阶q-导数边值问题

    正解的存在唯一性,结合所讨论方程的特点给出了正解依赖于参数λ>0的一些性质,其中1<α≤2,0<η<1,0<βηα-1<1.

1.   准备知识
  • 定义1[14]   设E为实Banach空间,如果PEP为非空凸闭集,并且下列两个条件成立:

    (Ⅰ) xPλ≥0$ \Rightarrow $λxP

    (Ⅱ) xP,-xP$ \Rightarrow $x=θθ表示E中的零元素;

    则称PE中的一个锥.

    引理1[14]  设E是实Banach空间,PE中的锥,则锥P正规的充要条件是:若存在常数N>0,对任意的xyE,使得当θxy时,恒有‖x‖≤Ny‖(满足此式的最小N称为P的正规常数).

    定义2[14]  设E是实Banach空间,对所有xyE,如果存在λ>0,μ>0使得λxyμx,则称xy等价,并用符号x~y表示. 若给定h>θ,定义集合Ph={xE|x~h}.

    定义3[2]  函数f:[0, 1]→Rα阶-q积分(Riemann-Liouville型)为

    函数fαq-导数为

    其中k=[α]+1. 特别地,当α=0时,(Dq0f)(x)=f(x),(Iq0f)(x)=f(x).

    引理2[11]  E为实的Banach空间,P是一个正规锥且PEh>θ,设APP为增算子且满足下列条件:

    (a) 存在h0Ph使得Ah0Ph

    (b) 对任意xPt∈(0,1),存在φ(t)∈(t,1)使得A(tx)≥φ(t)Ax;则有以下结论:

    (Ⅰ) 算子方程Ax=x有唯一的解x*Ph

    (Ⅱ) 对任意的初值x0Ph,构造迭代序列xn=Axn-1(n=1,2,…) 有$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {x_n} = {x^*}$.

    引理3[11]  在满足引理2的条件下,假设xλ(λ>0)是算子方程Ax=λx唯一的解,则有以下结论:

    (Ⅰ) xλ关于λ严格递减,即当0<λ1λ2时,有xλ1>xλ2

    (Ⅱ) 如果存在γ∈(0,1)使得φ(t)≥tγt∈(0,1),则xλ关于λ连续,即当λλ0(λ0>0)时,有‖xλxλ0‖→0;

    (Ⅲ) $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to + \infty } \left\| {{x_\lambda }} \right\| = 0, \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to {0^ + }} \left\| {{x_\lambda }} \right\| = + \infty $.

    引理4[9]  若1<α≤2,0<η<1,0<βηα-1<1,xC1[0, 1],则下列分数阶q-导数边值问题

    存在唯一的正解$u(t) = \int_0^1 G (t, qs)x(s){{\rm{d}}_q}s$. 这里G(tqs)为

    引理5[9]  边值问题(4)的格林函数G(tqs)具有下面的性质

    (ⅰ) G(tqs)是连续函数,并且G(tqs)≥0,ts∈[0, 1];

    这里0<M0=min{1-βηα-1βηα-2(1-η),βηα-1}.

2.   主要结果及证明
  • E=C[0, 1],定义范数‖x‖=max{|x(t)|:t∈[0, 1]}. 取锥

    显然锥P为正规锥,正规常数为1.

    本文做如下假设:

    (H1) 函数f(tx):[0, 1]×[0,+∞)→[0,+∞)为连续函数,并且f(t,0)≡0;

    (H2) 对于每一个t∈[0,1],f(tx)关于第二个变量x单调递增;

    (H3) 对任意r∈(0,1),存在φ(r)∈(r,1)使得

    定理1  如果(H1)-(H2)成立,则下面结论成立:

    (Ⅰ) 任意λ∈(0,1),则边值问题(1)有唯一的正解uλ*Ph,此时h(t)=tα-1t∈[0,1],并且对任意初值u0Ph,构造迭代序列

    且当n→+∞时,有un(t)→uλ*(t);

    (Ⅱ) uλ*关于λ严格递增,即当0<λ1λ2时,有u*λ1u*λ2

    (Ⅲ) 若存在γ∈(0,1),使得φ(t)>tγt∈[0, 1],则uλ*关于λ连续,即当λλ0时,有‖uλ*u*λ0‖→0;

    (Ⅳ) $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to {0^ + }} \left\| {u_\lambda ^*} \right\| = 0, \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to + \infty } \left\| {u_\lambda ^*} \right\| = + \infty $.

      对于任意uP,定义算子

    由引理4可知,u(t)是(1)式的解当且仅当u(t)=λAu(t),因为f(tx)≥0,G(tqs)≥0,则Au(t)=$\int_0^1 G (t, qs)f(s, u(s)){{\rm{d}}_q}s \ge 0$,即AuP,对任意uP都成立,显然APP. 由(H1)-(H2)可知,算子A递增.

    接下来证明算子A满足引理2的条件. 由(H1)可得

    即对每一个uPr∈(0,1),有A(ru)≥φ(r)Au.

    h0=h,接下来证明Ah0=AhPh. 由(H2)和G(tqs)的性质可知

    利用f(tx)关于第二个变量x的单调递增性可知

    M0q≤1且f(t,0)≡0,则0<L1L2,故Ah(t)≥L1tα-1Ah(t)≤L2tα-1t∈[0, 1]. 即L1hAhL2h,则AhPh.

    由引理2可知,存在唯一的解uλ*Ph使得$A\left({u_\lambda ^*} \right) = \frac{1}{\lambda }u_\lambda ^*$,则uλ*=λA(uλ*),即

    由引理3可知:

    (Ⅰ) 对给定的λ>0,uλ*是方程(1)唯一的正解;

    (Ⅱ) uλ*关于λ严格递增(即当0<λ1λ2时,有u*λ1u*λ2);

    (Ⅲ)$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to {0^ + }} \left\| {u_\lambda ^*} \right\| = 0, \mathop {\lim }\limits_{\lambda \to + \infty } \left\| {u_\lambda ^*} \right\| = + \infty $

    (Ⅳ) 如果存在γ∈(0,1),使得φ(t)>tγt∈[0, 1],那么uλ*关于λ连续,即当λλ0时,‖uλ*u*λ0‖→0.

    若令Aλ=λA,那么Aλ也满足引理2的所有条件. 故由引理2可知,对于任意初值u0Ph,构造迭代序列un=Aλun-1(n=1,2,…),当n→∞时,有unuλ*,即un(t)=λ$\int_0^1 {} $G(tqs)f(sun-1(s))dqs(n=1,2,…),t∈[0, 1],且当n→∞时,un(t)→uλ*(t). 证毕.

    特别地,定理1中当λ=1时可以得到以下推论.

    推论1  假设(H1)-(H3)成立,那么下列分数阶q-导数边值问题

    有唯一的正解u*Ph,这里h(t)=tα-1t∈[0, 1],1<α≤2,0<η<1,0<βηα-1<1. 此外对于任意初值u0Ph,构造迭代序列un=Aun-1,当n→∞时unu*,即un(t)=$\int_0^1 {} $G(tqs)f(sun-1(s))dqs且当n→∞时un(t)→u*(t).

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