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2025 Volume 4 Issue 2
Article Contents

BAI Jiansong, WANG Anbin, LIU Zhijun, et al. Control Effect and Growth-Promoting Function of Pseudomonas fluorescens LSW-4 Combined with Seedling Strengthening on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt[J]. PLANT HEALTH AND MEDICINE, 2025, 4(2): 45-52. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.zwyx.2025.02.005
Citation: BAI Jiansong, WANG Anbin, LIU Zhijun, et al. Control Effect and Growth-Promoting Function of Pseudomonas fluorescens LSW-4 Combined with Seedling Strengthening on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt[J]. PLANT HEALTH AND MEDICINE, 2025, 4(2): 45-52. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.zwyx.2025.02.005

Control Effect and Growth-Promoting Function of Pseudomonas fluorescens LSW-4 Combined with Seedling Strengthening on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

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  • Corresponding author: DING Wei
  • Received Date: 04/04/2024
    Available Online: 25/04/2025
  • MSC: S432.4

  • Tobacco bacterial wilt is a serious root disease of tobacco, which is difficult to control and causes a great loss to tobacco production. Aiming at the problem of serious damage to tobacco by bacterial wilt in Qiannan area of Guizhou Province, the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescence LSW-4 combined with promoting seedling strength on tobacco growth period, agronomic traits, disease control effect and economic benefit in field were evaluated. The results showed that the combined treatment of LSW-4 with promoting seedling strength had a growth-promoting effect on tobacco, and the whole growth period was shortened by 10 days. The most significant effects on agronomic traits of tobacco was observed in flowering period and 7 days after topping. The index of plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, effective leaf number and maximum leaf area in treatment group were significantly better than those of in blank control group at 7 days after topping, and the differences were statistically significant. The agronomic characters of combined treatment were better than that of promoting seedling strength. The control effect of LSW-4 combined with seedling strength was the best, followed by seedling strength. The relative control effect was 100.00% when treatment applied at the early stage of infection, 76.01% at the peak period of incidence, and 66.89% at the later stage of the disease. In terms of economic characteristics, compared with the blank control, the yield of LSW-4 combined seedling strengthening treatment increased by 23.07 kg per 667 m2, the output value increased by 1, 065.80 yuan per 667 m2, and the average price of tobacco leaf increased by 2.78 yuan/kg. It can be seen that the combined treatment of P. fluorescein LSW-4 with seedling strengthening can synergistically promote tobacco growth and improve the control effect.

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Control Effect and Growth-Promoting Function of Pseudomonas fluorescens LSW-4 Combined with Seedling Strengthening on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

    Corresponding author: DING Wei

Abstract: 

Tobacco bacterial wilt is a serious root disease of tobacco, which is difficult to control and causes a great loss to tobacco production. Aiming at the problem of serious damage to tobacco by bacterial wilt in Qiannan area of Guizhou Province, the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescence LSW-4 combined with promoting seedling strength on tobacco growth period, agronomic traits, disease control effect and economic benefit in field were evaluated. The results showed that the combined treatment of LSW-4 with promoting seedling strength had a growth-promoting effect on tobacco, and the whole growth period was shortened by 10 days. The most significant effects on agronomic traits of tobacco was observed in flowering period and 7 days after topping. The index of plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, effective leaf number and maximum leaf area in treatment group were significantly better than those of in blank control group at 7 days after topping, and the differences were statistically significant. The agronomic characters of combined treatment were better than that of promoting seedling strength. The control effect of LSW-4 combined with seedling strength was the best, followed by seedling strength. The relative control effect was 100.00% when treatment applied at the early stage of infection, 76.01% at the peak period of incidence, and 66.89% at the later stage of the disease. In terms of economic characteristics, compared with the blank control, the yield of LSW-4 combined seedling strengthening treatment increased by 23.07 kg per 667 m2, the output value increased by 1, 065.80 yuan per 667 m2, and the average price of tobacco leaf increased by 2.78 yuan/kg. It can be seen that the combined treatment of P. fluorescein LSW-4 with seedling strengthening can synergistically promote tobacco growth and improve the control effect.

  • 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

  • 近年来,贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州加快烟叶产业转型,致力于构建现代烟草农业生产体系,探索烟叶增效、烟农增收、生态增值的绿色化发展路径,力求打造黔南山地现代农业绿色低碳发展样本[1]。然而,由于长期连作及农业生态平衡破坏,黔南烟区青枯病危害日益加重,已成为制约烟草产业绿色发展的主要障碍之一[2]。烟草青枯病由青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起,该菌是第二大破坏性植物病原细菌,对烟草和其他重要茄科作物具有致死作用[3]。烟草青枯病可系统性地侵害烟株的根、茎及叶片,发病初期表现为烟株下部叶片主脉一侧的叶肉组织萎蔫、发黄,湿度较大时呈水渍状褪绿斑。随着病情发展,烟株一侧叶片枯萎,呈现“半边疯”状或整株枯萎。成熟期暴发时整株发黄,并在茎部的一侧形成黑色条斑[4]

    烟草青枯病的防控措施主要包括农药施用、作物轮作和土壤消毒等,但这些方法的防治效果仍不理想[5-7]。过度使用农药不仅容易导致病原菌产生抗药性,还可能对环境造成负面影响,进而引发公共健康问题[8]。研究表明,含钙和钼的土壤改良剂通过降低病原菌载量、改善土壤理化性质以及根际微生物多样性来降低青枯病的发病率[9]。近年来,利用生防菌进行生物防治已成为一种有效且生态友好的防治策略。生防菌通过生态位排斥、直接拮抗、定殖以及产生次生代谢产物等方式控制病害[10]。此外,它们在寄主植物固氮、抗菌化合物及植物生长促进剂的生成方面具有广谱效应,并能诱导植物产生免疫抗性[11]。当前,利用内生菌和根际细菌等生物防治手段已成为降低青枯病发病率的有效方法[12]。研究表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)ZM9通过生态位排斥机制有效控制烟草青枯病,抑制率达到38.2%[13]。解淀粉芽孢杆菌WS-10成功定殖于烟草根部和根际土壤中,依靠生物膜的形成以及水解酶和胞外多糖的分泌,其田间防效达72.02%[14]

    在大田试验中,增施枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)和荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)3种菌剂均能显著提高烟草对青枯病的抗性,且荧光假单胞菌剂可显著提升烟草根际微生物群落的均一性及碳源代谢能力[15]。Tahir等[16]研究发现,萎缩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus artrophaeus)LSSC22和解淀粉芽孢杆菌FZB42通过产生挥发性有机化合物抑制青枯病菌,并可作为植物生长促进剂。此外,某些生防菌通过提高烟草中氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性来诱导植物产生抗性,在盆栽试验中,使用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)EM-1处理烟草,接种青枯病菌5 d后,青枯病病情指数为5.8,较对照组降低了45.23%[17]。铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)NXHG29在体外对烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)和青枯病菌具有强烈的拮抗活性,且在盆栽试验中显著降低了黑胫病和青枯病的发病率[18]

    生防菌是生物防治的有效措施之一,本研究针对黔南州瓮安县烟草青枯病的严重危害,评估了苗强壮和生防菌LSW-4对田间烟草生育期、农艺性状、防控效果及经济效益的影响,旨在探索有效的烟草青枯病防控措施,并为绿色防控技术提供参考。

1.   材料与方法
  • 试验地位于黔南州瓮安县珠藏镇市湾村,海拔1 005 m,经纬度为107°15′12″E、27°19′33″N,土壤pH值为4.4~4.8,前茬作物为烟草,地块为烟草青枯病常年发生地。

  • 试验品种为“湘烟7号”,种植密度为每667 m2 1 000~1 100株,采用托盘育苗的方式进行育苗,田间管理均按当地烟叶生产标准进行。试验材料为烟草育苗专用微生物菌肥苗强壮(有效活菌数≥100亿个/g),由重庆西农植物保护科技开发有限公司提供;荧光假单胞菌LSW-4由西南大学天然产物农药研究室提供。

  • 试验共设置3个处理,每个处理3次重复,随机区组设计,设置保护行,其余措施均按照当地相关技术标准进行统一大田管理。处理方法如下:T1为育苗时在育苗基质中添加苗强壮复合微生物菌剂每667 m2 100 g,混合均匀使用;T2为育苗时用苗强壮,移栽时将发酵(在黔南州瓮安县珠藏镇高水烟叶收购点根据微生物发酵罐的发酵工艺流程对菌液进行发酵)完成的LSW-4菌液稀释1 000倍液(106 cfu/mL)于定根水中,200 mL/株进行灌根;T3为空白对照。

  • 参照《烟草农艺性状调查测量方法》(YC/T 142—2010)的要求对不同处理进行烟草生育期调查,生育期分为伸根期、旺长期、成熟前期和成熟后期[19]

  • 根据《烟草农艺性状调查测量方法》(YC/T 142—2010)中的方法,分别在团棵期、旺长期以及打顶后7 d测量烟株的农艺性状,并利用公式(1)计算叶面积。

  • 按照《烟草病虫害分级及调查方法》(GB/T 23222—2008)标准,以株为单位在发病后进行分级调查,采用五点取样法在不同处理中每隔5 d调查1次,连续调查11次。并按公式(2)(3)(4)计算发病率、病情指数和相对防效。

  • 试验过程中,参考当地烟叶收购价格,对不同处理的烟叶总产量、总产值和均价进行统计和计算。

  • 运用Microsoft Excel 2016进行数据汇总,采用SPSS 23.0统计软件以独立样本t检验进行组间差异分析,并用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2进行图形绘制。

2.   结果与分析
  • 生防菌处理对烟草生育期的影响如表 1所示,苗强壮和苗强壮+LSW-4处理均能够缩短烟草的生育期。其中,苗强壮+LSW-4处理对烟草的伸根期、旺长期和成熟前期的影响最大,且旺长期和成熟前期差异明显,成熟后期时长势基本一致。与空白对照组比较,苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草的全育期减少了10 d,伸根期、旺长期和成熟前期分别缩短了2 d、3 d和4 d;苗强壮处理烟草的全育期减少了4 d,与苗强壮处理比较,苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草的全育期减少了6 d。

  • 生防菌处理不同时期农艺性状分析如表 2所示,苗强壮和苗强壮+LSW-4处理对烟草的生长均具有较好的促生作用,苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草旺长期和打顶后7 d的促生效果最为显著。在旺长期,苗强壮+LSW-4处理后烟草株高、最大叶长、最大叶宽和最大叶面积明显高于空白对照组,差异均具有统计学意义,且相比于空白对照组分别提高了11.85%、16.25%、17.35%和36.42%。在打顶后7 d,苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草的株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽、有效叶片数和最大叶面积均明显高于空白对照,差异均具有统计学意义,且相比于空白对照组分别提高了12.55%、14.76%、15.27%、26.07%、13.68%和45.32%;同时苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草的农艺性状优于苗强壮处理。

  • 苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草青枯病6月29日开始发生,比空白对照组延迟5 d,随后病情指数逐渐升高,7月14日后急剧上升,进入发病高峰期。7月14日以后,苗强壮+LSW-4和苗强壮处理的烟草病情指数及发病率明显低于空白对照组,其中苗强壮+LSW-4处理防控效果更佳(图 1)。

    发病初期(6月24日)只有空白对照发生烟草青枯病,发病率为1.25%,病情指数为0.27,相对防效为100%;发病高峰期(7月14日),苗强壮+LSW-4、苗强壮处理和空白对照组烟草的发病率分别为8.19%、8.00%、23.75%,病情指数分别为2.84、3.40和11.84,苗强壮+LSW-4、苗强壮处理相对防效分别为76.01%和71.28%;发病后期(8月3日),苗强壮+LSW-4、苗强壮处理和空白对照组烟草的发病率分别为27.28%、31.57%和53.24%,病情指数分别为7.81、11.21和23.59,苗强壮+LSW-4、苗强壮处理相对防效分别为66.89%和52.48%(图 1表 3);说明苗强壮+LSW-4处理对烟草青枯病具有较好的防控效果。

  • 各处理烟草的产值、产量和均价如表 4所示,与空白对照组比较,苗强壮+LSW-4处理每667 m2的产量提高了23.07 kg,每667 m2的产值增加了1 065.80元,且烟叶均价提升了2.78元/kg;与苗强壮处理比较,苗强壮+LSW-4处理每667 m2的产量增收了3.12 kg,每667 m2产值增加了271.71元,且烟叶均价提升了1.22元/kg。因此,苗强壮+LSW-4处理对烟草经济性状提升效果最好。

3.   结论与讨论
  • 烟草青枯病是一种难以防治的土传细菌性病害,生物防治被认为是控制此类病害的有效途径之一[20]。生防菌防治烟草青枯病可以减少化学农药使用、降低环境污染、增加根际微生物多样性,并有助于减缓病原菌抗药性的产生,同时促进烟株生长[21-22]。本研究表明,生防菌处理能够促进田间烟草的生育期和农艺性状,与空白对照相比,LSW-4复合菌剂处理明显缩短了烟草生育期,缩短了10 d。打顶后7 d,LSW-4复合菌剂处理的烟草农艺性状明显优于空白对照,也优于苗强壮处理。

    土壤理化性质恶化、土壤微生物失衡及根际微生物多样性变化是青枯病和黑胫病等土传病害发生的主要原因[23]。因此,通过土壤保育、利用生防菌调节微生态平衡并增强土壤免疫力,能够营造健康的土壤环境和多样的微生物群落,对烟草青枯病的生态防控具有重要意义。本研究表明,LSW-4复合菌剂在防控烟草青枯病方面优于苗强壮,表明苗强壮与LSW-4组合具有协同增效作用。6月24日空白对照组开始发生烟草青枯病,LSW-4复合菌剂和苗强壮处理晚5 d,说明LSW-4复合菌剂和苗强壮处理在一定程度上能延缓烟草青枯病的发生。随着病害的发生(7月14日),田间烟草青枯病进入发病高峰期,发病率快速升高,LSW-4复合菌剂处理烟草的相对防效高达76.01%。到发病后期(8月3日),苗强壮处理烟草的相对防效为52.48%,而苗强壮+LSW-4处理烟草的相对防效高达66.89%。何洪令[24]的研究发现,在田间利用LSW-4灌根处理,对烟草青枯病的相对防效为79.97%,这与本研究的结果一致,提示均能够有效防控烟草青枯病。

    综上所述,本研究结果表明LSW-4复合菌剂处理能够减少烟草的全生育期(10 d),有效促进烟草生长,并显著提高烟草的产量和质量,且均优于苗强壮处理。此外,LSW-4复合菌剂处理对烟草青枯病的防控效果最好,苗强壮处理次之。其中,LSW-4复合菌剂处理烟草的发病率和病情指数均明显低于空白对照,发病初期相对防效高达100.00%。发病高峰期的相对防效高达76.01%,发病后期的相对防效仍然有66.89%。因此,通过LSW-4复合菌剂处理能使两者达到协同增效的作用,能更好促进烟草生长,增强防控效果。

Figure (1)  Table (4) Reference (24)

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