How Does Social Emotional Competence Affect Teachers' Professional Experience? Evidence Based on the Scoping Review ofMultiple English Databases
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摘要:
职业体验影响着教师的成功与留任意愿。国外相关研究表明,社会情感能力在减少教师压力、缓解教师倦怠等方面发挥着重要作用,会影响教师的职业体验。但社会情感能力如何影响教师职业体验,目前尚缺乏全面、系统的循证依据。基于此,运用领域综述法,对3个英文数据库中有关社会情感能力对教师影响研究的13篇文献进行审查,发现具备高社会情感能力的教师职业倦怠感普遍较低。其影响机制主要为社会情感能力通过满足教师基本心理需求降低其倦怠感、构建支持性课堂增强教师教学效能感、介导外部支持提升教师幸福感。国外研究结论为我国提升教师社会情感能力、促使教师产生正向职业体验提供了有益启示,包括激发教师对自我情绪的关注、为教师提供情感支持资源和开展教师社会情感能力培训等。
Abstract:Professional experience affects the success and career of teachers. International studies have shown that social emotional competence plays an important role in reducing teachers' stress and buffering their burnout, which affects teachers' professional experience. However, there is no sufficient evidence in previous studies to support how social emotional competence affects teachers' professional experience. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in our study to examine 13 articles on the impact of social emotional competence on teachers from three English databases. It is found that teachers with high social emotional competence generally have lower levels of job burnout. Moreover, the mechanism of the above effect mainly includes that social emotional ability reduces burnout by meeting the basic psychological needs of teachers, builds supportive classrooms to enhance teaching efficacy, and mediates external support fromschools to enhance their well-beings. The relevant research conclusions from international studies provide beneficial insights for China to improve teachers' social emotional competence, including helping teachers establish self-awareness, providing the resources of emotional support for teachers, and conducting the training of teachers' emotional education.
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Key words:
- teacher's social-emotional competence /
- social-emotional learning /
- well-being /
- teacherburnout .
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表 1 文献审查要素概览
序号 作者(年份/来源) 研究对象 研究目的 研究类型 干预措施 研究结果 1 Collie R J等
(2019/The Australian Educational Researcher)[7]学前教育以及中小学在职教师 构建以社会情感能力(以下简称SEC)为核心的框架以促进教师永葆职业活力和热情 理论研究 2 Maior E等
(2020/Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies)[8]高中教师 调查社会情感能力、基本心理需求与3个倦怠因素(情绪衰竭、去人格化和个人成就感降低)之间的关系 问卷调查法 社会情感能力通过满足基本心理需求对情绪耗竭、去人格化和个人成就产生显著影响 3 Oliveira S等
(2021/Educational Psychology Review)[9]学前教育以及中小学在职教师 探讨社会情感学习(以下简称SEL)干预对教师职业倦怠的影响 综述-元分析 教师社会情感学习的干预 在应对个人内部SEC时,SEL干预对个人成就有中等积极和显著的影响(g=0.45),对情绪衰竭有中等消极和显著的作用(g=0.55);就去人格化而言,SEL干预在解决个人内部SEC时并不有效;SEL干预时间超过3个月,在促进教师个人成就方面表现出更高的水平 4 Oliveira S等
(2021/Frontiers in Psychology)[10]学前教育以及中小学在职教师 通过对实证研究的元分析进行系统回顾,评估社会情感学习(SEL)干预对在职教师的影响 综述-元分析 有22项使用传统技术来促进SEL,其余17项干预措施采用正念技术 SEL干预会影响教师的社会情感能力[g=0.59,95%置信区间(0.29,0.90)]、幸福感[g=0.35,95%置信区间(0.16,0.54)]和心理困扰[g=-0.34,95%置信区间(-0.57,-0.10)] 5 Oberle E等
(2020/Psychology in the Schools)[11]小学教师 调查小学教师职业倦怠与学生对教师社会情感能力的认知之间的关系 问卷调查法 教师职业倦怠程度越高,学生对教师的社会情感能力的评分越低 6 Buettner C K等
(2016/Early Educational and Development)[12]学前教师 确定教师的社会情感能力指标,建立社会情感能力的因子结构(教师的心理负荷和应对能力),并探索社会情感能力与总体幼儿质量的两个重要指标——教师的反应能力和专业——之间的关系 问卷调查法 教师的心理负荷(抑郁、压力和情绪耗竭)与教师的消极反应显著相关。心理负荷越高,教师的专业承诺越低。相反,教师的应对能力(重新评价情绪调节和以问题为中心的应对策略)与教师对儿童负面情绪的积极反应有关 7 Jennings P A等
(2009/Review of Educational Research)[13]学前教育以及中小学在职教师 探讨教师社会情感能力与课堂管理、健康师生关系等之间的关系 理论研究 8 Karimzadeh M等
(2012/Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science)[14]小学教师 对教师进行高情商培训,促进其专业发展,如人际关系处理和内省技能,管理压力和冲突,改善心理健康问题,维护积极的学校环境以及良好的学业表现 实验法、问卷调查法 社会情感学习 培训对提高教师的社会情感技能及其构成有显著影响;社会情感技能的提高与教师总体健康状况呈正相关 9 Zinsser K M等
(2019/Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology)[15]学前教师 评估社会情感学习(SEL)支持、教师压力和基于社区的学前课堂驱逐要求之间的关联性 问卷调查法、访谈法 SEL支持不会直接影响学前教育开除率,而是通过增强教师的社会情感能力部分减少教师压力,这反过来又会降低开除率。利用SEL支持的教师较少要求开除学生,但这种关联完全由教师压力介导。SEL相关支持的实施和采用有助于减少教师的压力体验 10 Collie R J
(2017/Social and Emotional Learning in Australia and the Asia-Pacific)[16]学前教育以及中小学在职教师 探讨社会情感能力(SEC)和社会情感学习对教师的影响 理论研究 当教师拥有更高的SEC时,其往往会体验到更高水平的幸福感和动力,会更有效地实施SEL,并在学生中促进积极的学术、社会和情感成果;教师对社会情感学习的信念以及对社会情感学习计划的参与可以在影响教师的SEC、心理功能和教学实践方面发挥重要作用 11 Goegan L D等
(2017/Journal of Educational Research)[17]职前教师和在职教师 考察职前和在职教师的社会情感学习信念如何与他们自己的SEC相关,以及他们对SEL的适应性和承诺如何与他们的课堂管理效能感和与学生的课堂参与相关 问卷调查法 无论是在职前还是职后,对SEL感到满意的参与者均认为自己的社会情感能力更强;对于职前教师和在职教师而言,他们对SEC的信念与课堂管理的效能感、学生的参与度呈正相关 12 Tian J等
(2022/Journal of Educational Administration)[18]小学教师 探讨中国教师背景下变革型领导对教师工作倦怠影响的深层内在机制 问卷调查法 变革型领导对教师的工作倦怠具有显著的负面预测作用;这种领导通过社会和情感能力以及师生关系的链式中介效应影响教师的工作倦怠 13 Brown E L等
(2020/Education and Treatment of Children)[19]特殊教育者 SEC在多大程度上预测特殊教育者(以下简称SPED)的非正式协作网络,这些非正式网络与他们对正式(分配的)教学团队的信念是否相关;SEC如何促进SPED的合作伙伴和团队在独立教室为情绪和行为障碍学生(EBD)服务 问卷调查法深入访谈 自我意识、社会意识、人际技能以及负责任的决策是促进特殊教育者进行合作的关键能力,而定量数据证明自我管理这一能力与社交网络之间存在负向关系。但定性数据又表示自我管理的某些属性,如克服障碍、监督进展和倡导自我,对特殊教育者的合作有帮助 -
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