Effect of Inclusive Leadership on Kindergarten Teachers' Work Engagement: Chain Mediation Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Ownership
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摘要:
幼儿园教师工作投入对其自身职业发展、儿童身心成长以及高质量学前教育公共服务体系构建具有积极作用和重要影响。为探究包容型领导对幼儿园教师工作投入的内在影响机制,采用包容型领导量表、工作投入问卷、组织支持感知量表和教师心理所有权量表对596名幼儿园教师进行调查。调查结果显示:在总体上,幼儿园管理者的包容性水平,幼儿园教师的工作投入、组织支持感知、心理所有权都处于中等偏上水平;包容型领导、幼儿园教师组织支持感知、心理所有权与工作投入呈显著正相关关系;组织支持感知与心理所有权在包容型领导与幼儿园教师工作投入之间起到完全中介作用。为更有效地提升幼儿园教师的工作投入水平,在组织层面应重视培养包容型管理者,提升管理者包容性水平,营造包容性文化氛围,激发幼儿园教师的工作热情,强化组织支持,提高幼儿园教师的组织支持感知度,重视心理所有权建设,增强幼儿园教师的归属感与责任感。
Abstract:Preschool teachers' work engagement plays a positive role in their own professional development, children's physical and mental health growth and the construction of high-quality preschool education public service system. A total number of 596 kindergarten teachers were polled using the Inclusive Leadership Scale, the Work Engagement Questionnaire, the Perceived Organizational Support Scale, and the Psychological Ownership Scale in order to examine the intrinsic influence mechanism between inclusive leadership style and kindergarten teachers' work engagement. The survey's findings revealed that: In general, the inclusive level of kindergarten managers, work engagement, perception of organizational support, and psychological ownership were in the middle to upper levels; inclusive leadership style, kindergarten teachers' perceptions of organizational support, psychological ownership, and work engagement were all significantly positively correlated; and perception of organizational support and psychological ownership played a full mediating role between work engagement and psychological ownership. To improve the work engagement level of kindergarten teachers, organizations should focus on developing inclusive managers, raising their inclusivity level, fostering an inclusive culture, igniting teachers' passion for their work, fortifying organizational support, enhancing teachers' perceptions of organizational support, and constructing psychological ownership to bolster teachers' sense of accountability and belonging.
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表 1 各变量描述性统计及人口学差异分析
包容型领导 工作投入 组织支持感知 心理所有权 M±SD 3.73±1.00 3.56±0.92 3.39±0.85 3.74±0.85 理论中值 3 3 3 3 t值 17.931*** 14.822*** 10.076*** 21.175*** 性别 男 4.01±1.28 3.87±1.09 3.60±0.89 3.99±1.10 女 3.72±0.98 3.53±0.90 3.37±0.85 3.73±0.83 t值 1.31 2.06* 1.56 1.73 教龄 1年以下① 3.72±0.92 3.46±0.89 3.40±0.80 3.63±0.85 1~5年② 3.62±1.05 3.51±0.95 3.28±0.87 3.71±0.85 6~10年③ 3.93±1.07 3.70±0.80 3.37±0.86 3.92±0.80 10年及以上④ 4.30±0.96 4.27±0.77 3.94±0.81 4.37±0.68 F值 6.090*** 9.440*** 6.708*** 9.436*** LSD ①<④*** ①<④*** ①<④*** ①<④*** ②<③** ②<④*** ②<④*** ②<④*** ②<④*** ③<④** ③<④*** ③<④** 受教育程度 研究生a 3.80±1.01 3.56±0.96 3.48±0.88 3.84±0.85 本科生b 3.64±1.02 3.45±0.95 3.28±0.85 3.65±0.89 大专c 3.84±0.97 3.69±0.84 3.50±0.83 3.83±0.78 中专(高中)及以下d 4.15±0.86 4.16±0.75 3.89±0.83 4.30±0.75 F值 2.449 4.616** 4.414** 3.896** LSD b<c** b<d* b<c** b<d* b<cd* 园所性质 公办园 3.71±1.03 3.53±0.90 3.38±0.87 3.73±0.86 民办园 3.77±0.94 3.61±0.97 3.39±0.79 3.76±0.84 t值 -0.738 -1.016 -0.065 -0.382 月薪 3 000元及以下 3.72±0.96 3.61±0.89 3.41±0.84 3.72±0.88 3 001~4 000元 3.66±1.04 3.42±0.94 3.32±0.89 3.69±0.82 4 001~5 000元 3.70±1.07 3.50±1.03 3.29±0.90 3.72±0.93 5 000元以上 3.93±0.98 3.69±0.86 3.49±0.78 3.92±0.77 F值 1.544 2.239 1.211 1.657 注:1.* 表示p<0.05;**表示p<0.01;***表示p<0.001。下同。
2.为方便事后比较分析的呈现,本表采用:①代表“1年以下”,②代表“1~5年”,③代表“6~10年”,④代表“10年及以上”;a代表“研究生”,b代表“本科生”,c代表“大专”,d代表“中专(高中)及以下”。表 2 包容型领导、工作投入、组织支持感知和心理所有权相关性分析
检验变量 包容型领导 工作投入 组织支持感知 心理所有权 包容型领导 1 工作投入 0.617*** 1 组织支持感知 0.782*** 0.683*** 1 心理所有权 0.685*** 0.835*** 0.760*** 1 表 3 组织支持感知、心理所有权的链式中介模型的回归分析
回归方程 整体拟合指标 回归系数显著性 结果变量 预测变量 R R2 F值 β t值 工作投入 0.63 0.40 133.18*** 教龄 0.15 4.08*** 学历 0.15 3.01** 包容型领导 0.59 18.49*** 组织支持感知 0.78 0.61 311.58*** 教龄 -0.002 0.92 学历 0.06 0.15 包容型领导 0.78 30.08*** 心理所有权 0.78 0.61 235.18*** 教龄 0.14 4.91*** 学历 0.05 1.22 包容型领导 0.21 5.22*** 组织支持感知 0.57 14.10*** 工作投入 0.84 0.71 284.56*** 教龄 0.05 0.03 学历 0.09 0.04* 包容型领导 0.04 1.04 组织支持感知 0.09 2.36* 心理所有权 0.72 20.11*** 注:数据均在标准化后进入模型处理。 表 4 组织支持感知与心理所有权的中介效应分析
95%置信区间 效应值 标准误 下限 上限 相对效应值 总效应 0.60 0.03 0.53 0.66 100% 直接效应 0.04 0.04 0.30 -0.03 6.67% 间接效应 0.56 0.05 0.46 0.65 93.33% 间接效应1:包容型领导→组织支持感知→工作投入 0.08 0.04 0.004 0.15 13.33% 间接效应2:包容型领导→心理所有权→工作投入 0.15 0.04 0.08 0.24 25.00% 间接效应3:包容型领导→组织支持感知→心理所有权→工作投入 0.33 0.03 0.26 0.39 55.00% -
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