Research on Green Prevention and Control Technology of Tobacco Target Spot Disease Based on Health Care,Early Warning and Systemic Control——Take Liangguan Township of Youyang County as an Example
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摘要: 烟草靶斑病具有扩散迅速、连片发生且危害严重等特点,能大幅降低烟叶产量和质量,该病害已成为当前阻碍烟草生产的重大问题之一,解决烟草靶斑病问题刻不容缓.本研究基于绿色防控的理念,以健康栽培为核心,以预测预报为基础,以系统控制为支撑,强调营养元素平衡和抗性诱导,突出精准用药,在重庆市酉阳县开展预防和精准防控相结合的统防统治,取得了理想的防控效果.结果表明,不同生育期试验区烟株的农艺性状都显著优于常规处理区,且常规处理区烟草靶斑病发病率及病情指数始终高于试验区,发病高峰期相对防效达到79.13%,发病末期相对防效高达82.14%,试验区经济效益突出,与常规处理区相比,每667 m2可增加产值963.28元,说明采用病害系统防治方案能够有效降低烟草靶斑病的发生,同时对病毒病和其他叶斑类病害也有很好的综合防治效果,预测预报结合实际情况精准用药能够实现绿色、生态、安全有效的病害防控.Abstract: Tobacco target spot disease has the characteristics of rapid spread, continuous occurrence and serious harm, which can significantly reduce the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The disease has become one of the major problems hindering tobacco production, and it is urgent to solve the problem of tobacco target spot disease. This study is based on the concept of green prevention and control, taking healthy cultivation as the core, prediction and forecast as the basis, and system control as the support, emphasizing the balance of nutrients and resistance induction, highlighting the precise use of chemicals. The unified prevention and control with combined prevention and precise control were carried out in Youyang County, Chongqing, and achieved ideal prevention and control results. The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco plants in the experimental area at different growth stages were significantly better than those in the conventional treatment area, and the incidence rate and disease index of tobacco target spot disease in the conventional treatment area were always higher than those in the experimental area. The relative control efficiency reached 79.13% at the peak incidence of the disease, and 82.14% at the end of the incidence. The economic benefits of the experimental area were outstanding. Compared with the conventional treatment area, the output value could be increased by 963.28 yuan per 667 m2. It shows that the disease system control scheme can effectively reduce the occurrence of tobacco target spot disease, and has a good comprehensive control effect on virus disease and other leaf spot diseases. The prediction and prediction combined with the actual situation can achieve green, ecological, safe and effective control of disease.
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