摘要:
测试经过8 周不同负重增强式训练对腿部肌肉量、 跳跃表现、 下肢肌力及速度的影响. 以30名参加全国大学生五人制足球比赛的运动员为研究对象, 随机分为高负重增强式训练组(PHL, 体质量的20%)、 低负重增强式训练组(PLL, 体质量的10%)及控制组(CON), 进行8周训练, 每周3次, 每次40~60 min, 以负重背心增加其负荷, 于训练前、 后进行各项生理检测. 所得数据以混合设计双因子变异数分析, 比较不同负重增强式训练介入对腿部肌肉量、 跳跃表现、 肌力表现及冲刺时间的差异情况. 结果显示, PHL 组的腿部肌肉量显著增加;各组肌酸激酶(CK)变化无统计学意义;在20 m冲刺表现各组皆有显著进步;等速肌力表现中, PHL组在60 °/s及180 °/s力矩峰值皆有显著进步, PLL组只在180°/s有显著进步, 且显著优于CON组. 另外, 达到力矩峰值时间只有PHL组在60 °/s有显著增进;原地摆臂垂直跳、 跨步摆臂垂直跳及落地垂直跳的跳跃高度在PHL组及PLL组皆有显著进步. 得出PHL 组及PLL组在跳跃表现、 等速肌力及20 m冲刺皆有显著进步, 而腿部肌肉量只有PHL组有显著进步.
关键词:
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增强式
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负重
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下肢肌力
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跳跃表现
Abstract:
The plyometric training produces a fast and powerful movement through concentric contraction and eccentric contraction.Although the past studies confirmed the benefits of plyometric training on exercise performance, the difference about plyometric training combined with different loadings still unclear.The purpose of this study was to compare the 8 weeks plyometric training with different loadings on leg muscle mass, jump performance, lower limb muscular strength and speed.With 30 untrained Chinese Culture University futsal player for the study, they were randomly divided into plyometric training with high loading group (PHL, 20% body weight), plyometric training with low loading group (PLL, 10% body weight) and control group (CON).The training was 40-60 minutes each time, 3 days per week for 8 weeks.Increase the weight using the weight vest, and the physiological examination was before and after the training.Data were analyzed by using mixed design of two-way ANOVA to test the difference within different loadings groups on leg muscle mass, jump performance, muscular strength performance and sprint time.It has been found that the muscle mass increased significantly in PHL group, that the CK is not significant changed in all groups, that the 20 m sprint are significant progress in all groups;that in the isokinetic strength performance, the peak torque of 60 °/s and 180 °/s are increased significantly in PHL group, and that the PLL group only at angular velocity 180 °/s.And they were significant improved than CON group.In addition, the time topeak torque of 60°/s is increased significantly in PHL group;the counter movement jump, strides jump and drop jump were increased significantly in PHL and PLL groups.It is concluded that, in PHL and PLL groups, the jump performance, isokinetic muscular strength and 20 m sprint were increased significantly.And the leg muscle mass was only increased significantly in PHL group.
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