摘要:
胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)属胭脂鱼科(Catostomidae), 是国家二类保护动物, 也是世界珍稀鱼类之一. 分布于长江和闽江流域, 也是胭脂鱼类惟一在亚洲大陆分布的种类. 组织学结构显示, 肝脏外表为浆膜层覆盖, 肝实质主要由肝细胞、动脉、静脉、血窦、胆小管等构成. 肝细胞圆形、卵圆形或多边形, 大小不等, 细胞核多为1个、少数2个. 肝细胞分亮、暗、双核肝细胞3种类型, 亮细胞有一个中央大核仁, 异染色质明显但数量较少; 暗细胞无中央大核仁, 异染色质和常染色质均匀分布. 肝细胞存在明显多态现象, 中央静脉周围的肝细胞多排列成索状, 小静脉或微静脉通常被5-7 个肝细胞围成圆圈状, 与腺泡极其类似是胭脂鱼肝脏组织结构区别于其它鱼类的显著特点. 血管和血窦中可见红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、黑色素巨噬细胞、枯否氏细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞. 胆囊壁可分为粘膜层、肌层和浆膜, 上皮基底部有丰富的圆形或椭圆形细胞, 该细胞的形态和数量与一般鱼类存在于上皮基底部的少量游走细胞明显不同, 从染色情况分析其可能具有分泌功能.
Abstract:
Histological examination shows that there is a serous membrane covering the liver and that the liver parenchyma consists of hepatocytes, arteries, veins, hepatic sinusoids and biliary ductuli. The hepatocytes of Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Bleeker) are round or ellipsoid or multilateral in shape and different in size, with one nucleus in most cells or two nuclei in a few cells. There are two types of hepatocytes, light cells and dark cells. The light cell has a central nucleolus. Heterochromatin is obvious but small in amount. Cytoplasm is highly transparent. No large central nucleolus can be seen in the dark cell and its heterochromatin and euchromatin are evenly distributed. Hepatocytes around the central vein are linearly arranged. There are usually 5-7 hepatocytes around the venule, forming a circle. There are erythrocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, melanin-macrophages, Kupffers cells and eosinophilic granulocytes in the hepatic sinusoids and the blood vessels. The gall bladder wall consists of a mucous layer, a muscle layer and a serous layer. The bottom of the epithelium abounds with round or oval secretory cells.
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