VIDAL J E. HIV-Related Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Revisited: Current Concepts and Controversies of an Old Disease[J]. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC), 2019, 18: 1-20.
HERNANDEZ A V, THOTA P, PELLEGRINO D, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relative Efficacy and Safety of Treatment Regimens for HIV-associated Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole a Real Option?[J]. HIV Medicine, 2017, 18(2): 115-124.
LUMA H N, TCHALEU B C N, MAPOURE Y N, et al. Toxoplasma Encephalitis in HIV/AIDS Patients Admitted to the Douala General Hospital between 2004 and 2009: a Cross Sectional Study[J]. BMC Research Notes, 2013, 6(1): 146.
WANG Z D, WANG S C, LIU HH, et al. Prevalence and Burden of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in HIV-infected People: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. The Lancet HIV, 2017, 4(4): e177-e188.
LIU L, LIU L N, WANG P, et al. Elevated Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in AIDS/HIV Patients: a Meta-analysis[J]. Acta Tropica, 2017,176: 162-167.
尤英霞, 李伟, 申丽洁, 等.云南西部两地区HIV阳性者弓形虫感染血清学调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2012, 30(5): 418-419.
MCFARLAND, M, BARTLETT, M, DAVIS, P. Toxoplasmic Encephalitis. Encephalitis[M]. Telangana: Avid Science, 2016.
GRANT I H, GOLD J W, ROSENBLUM M, et al. Toxoplasma Gondii Serology in HIV-infected Patients: the Development of Central Nervous System Toxoplasmosis in AIDS[J]. AIDS. 1990; 4(6): 519-21.
沈继龙, 余莉.我国弓形虫病流行概况及防治基础研究进展[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2019, 31(1): 71-76.
JONES J L, DARGELAS V, ROBERTS J, et al. Risk Factors forToxoplasma gondiiInfection in the United States[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2009, 49(6): 878-884.
The National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for thePrevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[EB/OL]. (2019/6/26)[2020/5/16] https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/4/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection/322/toxoplasma-gondii-encephalitis.
KODYM P, MALY M, BERAN O, et al. Incidence, Immunological and Clinical Characteristics of Reactivation of Latent Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in HIV-infected Patients[J]. Epidemiology and Infection, 2015,143(3): 600-607.
中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.弓形虫病的诊断[EB/OL]. (2015-12-15).[2020/5/16] http://guide.medlive.cn/guideline/10955.
SIBLEY L D, AJIOKA J W. Population Structure ofToxoplasma Gondii: Clonal Expansion Driven by Infrequent Recombination and Selective Sweeps[J]. Annual Review of Microbiology, 2008, 62(1): 329-351.
WANG L, CHEN H, LIU D H, et al. Correction: Genotypes and Mouse Virulence of Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates from Animals and Humans in China[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(5): e53483.
PITTMAN K J, KNOLL L J. Long-Term Relationships: The Complicated Interplay between the Host and the Developmental Stages of Toxoplasma Gondii during Acute and Chronic Infections[J]. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2015, 79(4): 387-401.
WOHLFERT E A, BLADER I J, WILSON E H. Brains and Brawn: Toxoplasma Infections of the Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle[J]. Trends in Parasitology, 2017, 33(7): 519-531.
BLADER I J, SAEIJ J P. Communication between Toxoplasma Gondiiand Its Host: Impact on Parasite Growth, Development, Immune Evasion, and Virulence[J]. Apmis, 2009,117(5-6): 458-476.
MEIRA C S, PEREIRA-CHIOCCOLA V L. Cerebral and Ocular Toxoplasmosis Related with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 Levels[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2014, 5: 492.
林果为, 王吉耀, 葛均波.实用内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2017.
HODGSON H A, SIM T, GONZALEZ H, et al. Successful Treatment of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Using Pyrimethamine Oral Solution Compounded from Inexpensive Bulk Powder[J]. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2018, 5(4): ofy055.
BELANGER F, DEROUIN F, GRANGEOT-KEROS L, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in a Cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients: 1988-1995[J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1999, 28(3): 575-581.
DE-LA-TORRE A, GÓMEZ-MARÍN J. Disease of the Year 2019: Ocular Toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected Patients[J]. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020, 12: 1-9.
宋涛, 韩辉, 尹峰, 等.脑出血患者脑脊液中弓形虫的检测及临床意义[J].黑龙江医学, 2009, 33(8): 573-574.
冯嘉轩, 赵永坤, 孟繁平, 等.弓形虫病诊断方法研究进展[J].传染病信息, 2016, 29(3): 139-143.
徐晓青, 廖德君, 冯霞, 等. 2015-2018年贵州省都匀地区孕、产妇弓形虫感染情况调查[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2020, 38(2): 165-167.
PEREIRA-CHIOCCOLA V L, VIDAL J E, SU C L. Toxoplasma Gondiiinfection and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected Patients[J]. Future Microbiology, 2009, 4(10): 1363-1379.
ROBERT-GANGNEUX F, BELAZ S. Molecular Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis in Immunocompromised Patients[J]. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 2016, 29(4): 330-339.
AJZENBERG D, LAMAURY I, DEMAR M, et al. Performance Testing of PCR Assay in Blood Samples for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS Patients from the French Departments of America and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma Gondii: a Prospective and Multicentric Study[J]. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016, 10(6): e0004790.
ANSELMO L M P, VILAR F C, LIMA J E, et al. Usefulness and Limitations of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Etiologic Diagnosis of Neurotoxoplasmosis in Immunocompromised Patients[J]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2014,346(1-2): 231-234.
IZADI M, JONAIDI JAFARI N, MAHMOODZADEH POORNAKI A, et al. Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii from Clinical Specimens of Patients Receiving Renal Transplant Using ELISA and PCR[J]. Nephro-Urology Monthly, 2013, 5(5): 983-987.
HU Z L, WENG X, XU C H, et al. Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Toxoplasmic Encephalitis[J]. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2018, 17: 45.
陈生第, 赵忠新.难治性神经病学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2007.
刘敏, 丁月旭, 刘倩, 等.获得性免疫缺陷综合征合并弓形虫脑病57例临床分析[J].中国感染与化疗杂志, 2018, 18(3): 258-262.
YANG M, SUN J, BAI H X, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT, PET, and MRS for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in HIV Patients[J]. Medicine, 2017, 96(19): e6676.
GIANCOLA M L, RIZZI E B, SCHIAVO R, et al. Reduced Value of Thallium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in the Management of HIV-Related Focal Brain Lesions in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy[J]. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2004, 20(6): 584-588.
WANG S C, CHEN S J, CHEN Y C. Potential Therapeutic Approaches Against Brain Diseases Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infections[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21(4): 1376.
HALEYS A, ATWOOD W J. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Endemic Viruses and Lethal Brain Disease[J]. Annual Review of Virology, 2017, 4(1): 349-367.
官丽倩, 张仁芳. JC病毒所致HIV感染者进行性多灶性白质脑病的研究现状[J].中国艾滋病性病, 2015, 21(7): 648-651.
GIOVANNELLI I, CICCONE N, VAGGELLI G, et al. Utility of Droplet Digital PCR for the Quantitative Detection of Polyomavirus JC in Clinical Samples[J]. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2016, 82: 70-75.
中华医学会感染病学分会艾滋病丙型肝炎学组, 中国疾病预防控制中心.中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版)[J].中华传染病杂志, 2018, 36(12): 705-724.
WEI H X, WEI S S, LINDSAY D S, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii Medicines in Humans[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(9): e0138204.
CONNOLLYM P, GOODWIN E, SCHEY C, et al. Toxoplasmic Encephalitis Relapse Rates with Pyrimethamine-based Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Pathogens and Global Health, 2017,111(1): 31-44.
SHIOJIRI D, KINAI E, TERUYA K, et al. Combination ofClindamycin and Azithromycin as Alternative Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii Encephalitis[J]. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2019, 25(4): 841-843.
PELLEGRINO D, GRYSCHEK R, DE OLIVEIRAA C P, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in HIV-infected Patients with Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Brazil: a Single-arm Open-label Clinical Trial[J]. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2019, 30(12): 1156-1162.
ARENS J, BARNES K, CROWLEY N, et al. Treating AIDS-associated Cerebral Toxoplasmosis-Pyrimethamine Plus Sulfadiazine Compared with Cotrimoxazole, and Outcome with Adjunctive Glucocorticoids[J]. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, 2007, 97(10): 956-958.
ZOLOPA A R, ANDERSEN J, KOMAROW L, et al. Early Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces AIDS Progression/Death in Individuals with Acute Opportunistic Infections: a Multicenter Randomized Strategy Trial[J]. PLoS One, 2009, 4(5): e5575.
VAN BILSENW P H, VAN DEN BERG C H S B, RIJNDERS B J A, et al. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in HIV-infected Patients[J]. AIDS, 2017, 31(10): 1415-1424.
BAHR N, BOULWARED R, MARAIS S, et al. Central Nervous System Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome[J]. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2013, 15(6): 583-593.
MANZARDO C, GUARDOA C, LETANG E, et al. Opportunistic Infections and Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-1-infected Adults in the Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Era: a Comprehensive Review[J]. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 2015, 13(6): 751-767.
HUIS IN'T VELD D, SUN H Y, HUNG C C, et al. The Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Related to HIV Co-infections: a Review[J]. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2012, 31(6): 919-927.