LIU E Y,WACTAWSKI-WENDE J,DONAHUE R P,et al.Does Low Bone Mineral Density Start in Post-Teenage Years in Women with Type 1 Diabetes?[J]. Diabetes Care,2003,26(26):2365-2369.
BURGE R,DAWSONHUGHES B,SOLOMON D H,et al.Incidence and Economic Burden of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in the United States, 2005-2025[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2007,22(3):465-475.
HERNLUND E,SVEDBOM A, IVERGÅRDM M,et al.Osteoporosis in the European Union:Medical Management,Epidemiology and Economic Burden.A Report Prepared in Collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA)[J].Arch Osteoporosis,2013,8(1):1-115.
中国健康促进基金会骨质疏松防治中国白皮书编委会.骨质疏松症中国白皮书[J]. 中华健康管理学杂志,2009,3(3):148-154.
中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会.原发性骨质疏松症诊治指南(2011年)[J]. 中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志,2011,4(1):2-17.
WANG X X,ZHANG Y L,HUANG Q F.Discussion on the Main Pathogenesis in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Etiology about Primary Osteoporosis[J]. Chin J Integr Med,2010,8(12):1119-23.
GOH V H,HART W G.Aging and Bone Health in Singaporean Chinese Pre-Menopausal and Postmenopausal Women[J]. Maturitas,2016,89:16-21.
RAUTAVA E,LEHTONENVEROMAA M,KAUTIAINEN H,et al.The Reduction of Physical Activity Reflects on the Bone Mass among Young Females:A Follow-up Study of 142 Adolescent girls[J].Osteoporosis Int,2007,18(7):915-922.
SILVA M J,BRODT M D,WOPENKA B,et al.Decreased Collagen Organization and Content Are Associated with Reduced Strength of Demineralized and Intact Bone in the SAMP6 Mouse[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2006,21(1):78-88.
ROSSOUW J E,ANDERSON G L,PRENTICE R L,et al.Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women:Principal Results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial[J]. Revista Medica De Chile, 2002,288(3):321-333.
JI M X,YU Q,JI M X,et al.Primary Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women[J]. Chronic Diseases Translational Medicine,2015,1(1):9-13.
HAGHIGHI A,SAMIMAGHAM H,GOHARDEHI G.Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Kidney Stone Formation in Postmenopausal Women[J]. Iran J Kidney Dis,2013,7(3):210-213.
WEE J,SNG B Y,SHEN L,et al.The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Levels in Relation to Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women[J]. Arch Osteoporosis,2013,8(1):1-8.
ROBERTS B J,THRALL E,MULLER J A,et al.Comparison of Hip Fracture Risk Prediction by Femoral aBMD to Experimentally Measured Factor of Risk[J]. Bone,2010,46(3):742-746.
ROGHANI T,TORKAMAN G,MOVASSEGHE S,et al.Effects of Short-Term Aerobic Exercise with and Without External Loading on Bone Metabolism and Balance in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis[J].Rheumatol Int,2013,33(2):291-298.
MOREIRA L D,OLIVEIRA M L,LIRANIGALVÃO A P,et al.Physical Exercise and Osteoporosis:Effects of Different Types of Exercises on Bone and Physical Function of Postmenopausal Women[J]. Arq Bras Endocrinol,2014,58(5):514-522.
HIND K,BURROWS M.Weight-Bearing Exercise and Bone Mineral Accrual in Children and Adolescents:A Review of Controlled Trials[J]. Bone,2007,40(1):14-27.
MCDEVITT H,AHMED S F.Establishing Good Bone Health in Children[J].Paed Child Healt-Can, 2010,20(2):83-87.
BAXTER-JONES A D,FAULKNER R A,FORWOOD M R,et al.Bone Mineral Accrual from 8 to 30 Years of Age:An Estimation of Peak Bone Mass[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2011,26(8):1729-1739.
PEKKINEN M, VILJAKAINEN H, SAARNIO E, et al.Vitamin D is a Major Determinant of Bone Mineral Density at School Age[J]. Plos One,2012,7(7):e40090.
SIGURDSSON G, FRANZSON L,THORGEIRSDOTTIR H,et al. Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25-OH-Vitamin D Concentration in Different Age Groups of Lcelandic Women[J]. Laeknabladid, 1999,85(5):398-405.
LUGER A,WATSCHINGER B,DEUSTER P,et al.Plasma Growth Hormone and Prolactin Responses to Graded Levels of Acute Exercise and to a Lactate Infusion[J]. Neuroendocrinology,1992,56(1):112-117.
KRAEMER R R,DURAND R J,ACEVEDO E O,et al.Rigorous Running Increases Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Without Altering Ghrelin[J]. Exp Biol Med,2004,229(3):240-246.
TENFORDE A S,FREDERICSON M.Influence of Sports Participation on Bone Health in the Young Athlete:A Review of the Literature[J]. Pm & R the Journal of Injury Function & Rehabilitation,2011,3(9):861-867.
SCHMITT H,FRIEBE C,SCHNEIDER S,et al.Bone Mineral Density and Degenerative Changes of the Lumbar Spine in Former Elite Athletes[J]. Int J Sports Med,2005,26(6):457-463.
BELAVY D L,BAECKER N,ARMBRECHT G,et al.Serum Sclerostin and DKK1 in Relation to Exercise Against Bone Loss in Experimental Bed Rest[J]. J Bone and Miner Metab, 2016,34(3):354-365.
MARQUES E A,WANDERLEY F,MACHADO L,et al.Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on Physical Function,Bone Mineral Density,OPG and RANKL in Older Women[J]. Exp Gerontology,2011,46(7):524-532.
OMINSKY M S, LI X, ASUNCION FJ, et al.RANKL Inhibition with Osteoprotegerin Increases Bone Strength by Improving Cortical and Trabecular Bone Architecture in Ovariectomized Rats[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2008,23(5):672-682.
ROGHANI T,TORKAMAN G,MOVASSEGHE S,et al.Effects of Short-Term Aerobic Exercise with and Without External Loading on Bone Metabolism and Balance in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis[J].Rheumatol Int,2013,33(2):291-298.
SINAKI M.Yoga Spinal Flexion Positions and Vertebral Compression Fracture in Osteopenia or Osteoporosis of Spine:Case Series[J]. Pain Practice,2012,13(1):68-75.
BONAIUTI D,SHEA B,IOVINE R,et al.Exercise for Preventing and Treating Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women[J]. Cochrane Db Syst Rev,2002,50(3):CD000333.
NIKANDER R,SIEVÄNEN H,HEINONEN A,et al.Femoral Neck Structure in Adult Female Athletes Subjected to Different Loading Modalities[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2005,20(3):520-528.
NIKANDER R,KANNUS P,DASTIDAR P,et al.Targeted Exercises Against Hip Fragility[J].Osteoporosis Int,2009,20(8):1321-1328.
KOHRT W M,BLOOMFIELD S A,LITTLE K D,et al.American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand:Physical Activity and Bone Health[J]. Med Sci in Sport Exer,2004,36(11):1985-1996.
GUADALUPEGRAU A,FUENTES T,GUERRA B,et al.Exercise and Bone Mass in Adults[J]. Sports Med,2009,39(6):439-468.
KANNUS P,HAAPASALO H,SANKELO M,et al.Effects of Starting Age of Physical Activity on Bone Mass in Dominant Arm of Tennis and Squash Players[J]. Ann of Intern Med,1995,123(1):27-31.
BASS S,PEARCE G,BRADNEY M,et al.Exercise Before Puberty May Confer Residual Benefits in Bone Density in Adulthood:Studies in Active Prepubertal and Retired Female Gymnasts[J]. J Bone Miner Res,1998,13(3):500-7.
NATTIV A, LOUCKS A B. The Female Athlete Triad[J]. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2007, 39(10):1867-1882.
SEEMAN E.Bone Quality:The Material and Structural Basis of Bone Strength[J]. J Bone Miner Metab,2008,26(1):1-8.
KANIS J A,MCCLOSKEY E V,JOHANSSON H,et al.A Reference Standard for the Description of Osteoporosis[J]. Bone,2008,42(3):467-75.
JÄRVINEN T L,SIEVÄNEN H,JOKIHAARA J,et al.Revival of Bone Strength:The Bottom Line[J]. J Bone Miner Res,2005,20(5):717-720.
NIKANDER R,SIEVÄNEN H,HEINONEN A,et al.Targeted Exercise Against Osteoporosis:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Optimising Bone Strength Throughout Life[J]. BMC Medicine,2010,8(1):1-16.
GILLESPIE L D,ROBERTSON M C,GILLESPIE W J,et al.Interventions for Preventing Falls in Older People Living in the Community[J].Cochrane Db Syst Rev,2009,2(2):1-189.
杨艳.补充白刺多糖联合有氧运动对衰老大鼠心肌和骨骼肌的保护作用[J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,41(9):11-16.