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2020 Volume 42 Issue 3
Article Contents

Guang-fu SONG, Ting ZHANG, Fang XUE, et al. Study on the Effect of Ethanol Extraction and Fragrance Spraying on the Quality of Paper-Making Process Reconstituted Tobacco Leaves[J]. Journal of Southwest University Natural Science Edition, 2020, 42(3): 146-155. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2020.03.020
Citation: Guang-fu SONG, Ting ZHANG, Fang XUE, et al. Study on the Effect of Ethanol Extraction and Fragrance Spraying on the Quality of Paper-Making Process Reconstituted Tobacco Leaves[J]. Journal of Southwest University Natural Science Edition, 2020, 42(3): 146-155. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2020.03.020

Study on the Effect of Ethanol Extraction and Fragrance Spraying on the Quality of Paper-Making Process Reconstituted Tobacco Leaves

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  • Corresponding author: Yun-long ZHANG ; 
  • Received Date: 26/04/2019
    Available Online: 20/03/2020
  • MSC: TS45

  • The objective of our work was to investigate the effect of ethanol extraction and fragrance spraying on the quality of paper-making process reconstituted tobacco leaves. The raw material of reconstituted tobacco leaf was first extracted by ethanol, and then the ethanol extract was concentrated to produce an ethanol paste. The extracted residue was used to make the sample of reconstituted tobacco leaf with the paper-making process. The ethanol paste was sprayed on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco leaf by fragrance spraying, and the final product was obtained. The results showed that compared with the present ordinary paper-making process, the reconstituted tobacco leaves produced with the paper-making process contained more aroma components and had better smoking quality, which was close to that of natural tobacco, and had higher aroma concentration, fewer wood impurities, and more oily color in appearance. The microstructure, fiber refinement and surface looseness of the reconstituted tobacco leaves treated with alcohol extraction and fragrance were batter. It is concluded that the internal and external qualities of the reconstituted tobacco leaves prepared with this method have been improved considerably.
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Study on the Effect of Ethanol Extraction and Fragrance Spraying on the Quality of Paper-Making Process Reconstituted Tobacco Leaves

    Corresponding author: Yun-long ZHANG ; 

Abstract: The objective of our work was to investigate the effect of ethanol extraction and fragrance spraying on the quality of paper-making process reconstituted tobacco leaves. The raw material of reconstituted tobacco leaf was first extracted by ethanol, and then the ethanol extract was concentrated to produce an ethanol paste. The extracted residue was used to make the sample of reconstituted tobacco leaf with the paper-making process. The ethanol paste was sprayed on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco leaf by fragrance spraying, and the final product was obtained. The results showed that compared with the present ordinary paper-making process, the reconstituted tobacco leaves produced with the paper-making process contained more aroma components and had better smoking quality, which was close to that of natural tobacco, and had higher aroma concentration, fewer wood impurities, and more oily color in appearance. The microstructure, fiber refinement and surface looseness of the reconstituted tobacco leaves treated with alcohol extraction and fragrance were batter. It is concluded that the internal and external qualities of the reconstituted tobacco leaves prepared with this method have been improved considerably.

  • 造纸法再造烟叶是卷烟配方的原料之一.造纸法再造烟叶的生产工艺主要包括提取、浓缩、制浆、抄造、涂布及烤片几个环节[1-5],其工艺特性决定了造纸法再造烟叶在生产过程中对烟草原料的长时间加热烘烤.再造烟叶生产过程中为了抄造的有效实施,必须加入外加纤维[6-7],同时添加烟草提取物等天然提取物来改善再造烟叶加工过程中由于挥发性致香成分损失而导致的产品香气浓度低、木质杂气重等感官质量缺陷,以及降低卷烟危害性指标[8-9].本研究拟使用乙醇溶液,对烟草原料进行提取,富集烟草中致香成分,采用喷香的方式将富集的致香成分喷涂于再造烟叶上,通过与常规再造烟叶的致香成分、感官品质及外观颜色对比分析,探索提升再造烟叶品质的方法.由于再造烟叶对卷烟产品具有显著的成本和降焦优势,在卷烟工业企业高质量发展目标要求和经济效益增长日趋紧迫的压力下,努力提升再造烟叶品质并增加其在卷烟叶组中使用比例,将为卷烟工业企业降本增效和减害降焦提供有益支撑.

1.   材料与方法
  • KZ-Z36型造纸法再造烟叶大片(云南中烟再造烟叶有限责任公司),其厚度为0.21 mm,每平方米的质量为108.1 g;烟碎片配方叶组(四川中烟工业有限责任公司提供).

  • ME204ES-2A型实验室烟叶切丝机(郑州嘉德机电科技有限公司);KBF-115型恒温恒湿箱(BINDER公司);游标卡尺.

  • 按照造纸法再造烟叶生产配方,称取烟碎片原料700 g、烟梗300 g,将烟碎片原料通过粉碎及匀整至2~3 mm大小,匀整后的烟碎片备用;称取相对于烟碎片质量3倍的95%乙醇,用水浴加热至50 ℃,将匀整后的烟碎片加入乙醇溶液,在30 r/min的转速下,于容器中保温提取30 min,使用80目滤袋对提取的烟碎片进行过滤,滤液自然沉降30 min后取上清液,在50 ℃负压条件下浓缩至210 g醇提膏备用;将乙醇提取后的烟碎片及烟梗采用传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺制成再造烟叶片状样品,然后采用喷香的方式将醇提膏喷施于再造烟叶片状样品上.同时采用相同的原料配方,使用传统造纸法再造烟叶的工艺制得对照样品.

  • 电镜样品的制备及检测:首先将KZ-Z36基片大片和涂布加香后试验样品分别粘台,用离子溅射仪镀金,然后对样品进行SEM分析.

    香味成分的检测方法:将烟梗粉碎,过40目筛,取10.000 g样品置于500 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入1.0 g柠檬酸、500 μL硝基苯(IS)和300 mL蒸馏水,充分摇匀后再用50 mL蒸馏水冲洗瓶塞和烧瓶口;安装同时蒸馏萃取装置,向冷凝管上方的250 mL烧瓶中加入40 mL二氯甲烷,待样品料液开始沸腾且同时蒸馏萃取装置中出现分层时开始计时,萃取2.5 h;收集烧瓶中的有机相和同时蒸馏萃取装置中的有机相,加入10 g左右无水硫酸钠摇匀,干燥至溶液澄清,将上清液转移到鸡心瓶,并用5 mL二氯甲烷洗涤2次无水硫酸钠,合并入鸡心瓶,水浴浓缩至1 mL左右,取样进行GC-MS分析.分析条件如下:

    色谱柱:DB-5MS(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);进样口温度:250 ℃;升温程序:50℃(5 min)$\xrightarrow{{5{}^ \circ {\text{C/min}}}}$120℃(5 min)$\xrightarrow{{5{}^ \circ {\text{C/min}}}}$180℃(5 min)$\xrightarrow{{6{}^ \circ {\text{C/min}}}}$ 250℃(15 min);进样量:2 μL;分流比:15:1;载气:He;恒流流速:0.8 mL/min;传输线温度为280 ℃;电离方式:电子轰击源(EI);电离能量:70 eV;离子源温度:177 ℃;质量数扫描范围:50~500 Da.

    采用NIST02谱库检索定性.假定相对校正因子为1,采用内标法定量.

2.   结果与分析
  • 将2种不同工艺制造的再造烟叶过程的3种膏体取样进行致香物质检测,共检测出70种致香成分,检测结果见表 1.

    表 1可看出,采用乙醇提取的乙醇膏致香成分明显高于乙醇提取后水提膏及传统工艺水提膏,乙醇提取后水提膏高于传统工艺水提膏,说明采用乙醇提取的方式能够对致香成分形成较好的富集作用,同时乙醇提取后水提膏高于传统工艺水提膏,其原因可能为经过乙醇提取后的烟碎片中的乙醇残留在碎片中,使用水提取过程中形成一定浓度的乙醇溶液,促进致香成分的溶出.

  • 采用醇提及喷香方式的样品与对照样相比,在致香成分总量的变化见表 2.

    采用醇提及喷香方式的试验样品与对照样品相比,在致香成分总量上比对照样品提升15.6%,说明采用该工艺制作的再造烟叶可有效保留原料致香成分,提升再造烟叶致香成分含量,其中烟草中重要致香成分巨豆三烯酮、新植二烯、茄酮明显高于对照样品.直观柱状图见图 1-图 3.

  • 采用醇提及喷香方式的试验样品与对照样品常规化学指标变化见表 3.

    表 3可看出,采用醇提及喷香方式的试验样品与对照样品常规化学指标对比,试验样品的烟碱质量分数稍高于对照样品,可能由于乙醇提取对烟碱的富集较好,减少了加工过程的损失,而试验样品钾的质量分数低于对照样品,其他指标无较明显的差异.

  • 分别取大样基片样品和涂布及醇提喷香后样品进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,检测结果见图 4-图 5.

    显微结构表明,涂布及醇提喷香处理后的再造烟叶样品纤维细微化,表面疏松,其他无显著变化.

  • 对采用醇提及喷香方式的样品与对照样进行感官抽吸品质进行对比评吸,评吸结果见表 4.

    表 4可知,与对照样品相比,采用醇提及喷香方式的试验样品抽吸品质有明显提升,主要表现在劲头感稍有提升,香气浓度及香气质感提升较明显,同时由于香气量的上升,对木质杂气的掩盖有较大作用,样品的抽吸品质较接近于天然烟叶.

  • 采用醇提及喷香方式的样品与对照样品外观颜色对比见图 6. 图 6中,左边为对照样,右边为采用醇提及喷香后的样品,对照样品颜色相对较浅,无光泽及油润感,而采用醇提及喷香的样品颜色较深,呈现出一定的油润感,颜色更接近于天然烟叶,原因可能为采用醇提能够提取更多的呈色物质及有油润感的非水溶性物质,通过喷香的方式施加于再造烟叶表面后使其外观颜色较深、有油润感.

3.   结论
  • 对比采用醇提及喷香方式与传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺相结合的方法制备的试验样品与传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺制备的对照样品的致香成分、常规化学成分及感官抽吸品质、外观颜色,可以得出以下结论.

    1) 采用醇提的方式比单一使用水提的方式能够更有效地提取及富集再造烟叶原料的致香成分.

    2) 采用醇提及喷香方式与传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺相结合的方式制作的样品致香成分含量增加,重要致香成分巨豆三烯酮、茄酮、新植二烯明显增加.

    3) 采用醇提及喷香方式与传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺相结合的方式制备的样品在感官抽吸品质方面有较明显的提升,特别是对造纸法再造烟叶木质杂气有较大的改善作用,能够提升再造烟叶的质感及香气量,其感官抽吸品质的变化与致香成分含量的变化趋势具有一致性.

    4) 采用醇提及喷香方式制备的样品较传统工艺制备的再造烟叶在化学指标中烟碱稍有提升,钾含量稍有下降,其他指标无较明显变化.在颜色外观方面,采用醇提及喷香方式与传统造纸法再造烟叶工艺相结合的方式能够提高再造烟叶外观颜色质量,油润感增强,颜色更接近于天然烟叶.

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