Starfish Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network with a Mobile Sink

Zhao XU

doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2020.05.020

Wireless sensor networks with mobile sink have longer network life and better data transmission performance than static sink, but their mobility leads to huge energy consumption. In order to solve this problem, a starfish routing protocol based on mobile sink has been proposed in this paper, which is inspired by starfish water pulse system. The routing protocol constructs a routing backbone network with a central ring channel, and there are few radial channels on the network. The number of radial channels and the radius of the ring channel can be dynamically determined for a given network to reduce the communication waiting time from the source to the sink. The experimental results show that the starfish protocol can effectively balance the energy consumption of nodes, and the performance evaluation results are better than other existing protocols in terms of data transmission delay and network life cycle.

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静态sink无线传感器网络(WSN)中的路由协议^[1-2]已经在包括端到端和逐跳单路径路由中被广泛研究，如跨层协议^[3]、多路径或地理路由协议^[4]等.然而，这些协议由于附近节点电池快速耗尽而遭受网络生命周期缩短影响到sink，导致源传感器节点和sink之间的通信中断^[5].针对这个问题，移动sink传感器网络路由协议的出现缓解了静态sink无线传感器网络的问题^[6-7].移动sink传感器网络的路由协议可以实现整个网络的负载均衡和均匀的能量消耗^[8]，提高节点定位精度的同时延长网络的生存时间.

移动sink对于许多WSN应用研究也越来越多，包括农业领域、环境监测、森林栖息地监测、战场监测和家庭自动化等.然而，sink移动性引发了许多研究挑战：定位sink位置并建立source-sink路由路径等.具有sink移动性的WSN现有路由协议可以在很大程度上分为两类：存储转发和直接转发方法.在存储转发方法中，数据被发送到中间站，被存储并在稍后转发到sink^[9-10]；直接转发方法中，数据不经过中间站，直接将数据转发到sink^[11].文献[12]提出基于移动sink的自适应免疫节能聚类协议，用来提高无线传感器网络的生命周期和稳定期，该协议使用自适应免疫算法来引导基于移动sink的最小化通信和开销控制分组中的总耗散能量.

此外，自适应免疫算法用于找到最佳簇头数，以改善网络的寿命和稳定期.文献[13]提出一种加权交会规划的启发式方法，其中每个传感器节点被分配一个权重，该权重对应于其与该巡回跳跃距离以及它转发到最近集合点数据分组的数量，该协议使移动sink能够在给定期限内检索所有感测数据，同时节省传感器节点的能量消耗.文献[14]提出一种混合无线传感器网络中移动sink调度的能量均衡启发式算法，首先将网络区域划分为具有相同地理大小的网格单元，这些网格单元通过受k维树算法启发的算法分配给集群，使得每个集群的能量消耗在收集数据时近似平衡.文献[15]提出一种适用于延迟约束应用的、高效的、基于虚拟网格的分层路由方法，该路由协议通过考虑传感器节点的跳数和数据生成速率来明智地选择移动sink的路径，能够降低整体能量消耗.

在研究现有移动sink无线传感器网络的路由协议基础上，针对现有方法的能耗问题，结合海星水脉原理，提出一种基于移动sink无线传感器网络的海星路由协议.该协议具有中心环通道的路由骨干网，动态设置环网和遵循网络大小和节点传输范围的径向数，能够减少从源到sink的通信等待时间，有效地均衡节点的能量消耗.实验表明提出的协议在能耗、数据包传送延迟和网络生命周期方面优于其他方法.

4. 结语

在基于sink的无线传感器网络中，sink在移动速度或方向发生改变时两移动信息进行传播，传感器节点可以预测sink的当前和未来位置，这需要较大的能耗.为了减少能耗，进一步提高数据传输延迟和网络寿命，本文提出一种新的移动sink无线传感器网络的路由协议，即海星路由协议.该协议根据给定的网络大小和节点传输范围动态构建路由骨干结果，针对给定网络联合确定径向通道数量和环通道半径，以便减少从源到sink的通信等待时间.实验结果表明，与现有Ring协议和HexDD协议相比，本文协议在能耗、数据传输延迟和网络寿命方面的性能都优于其他两种协议，说明本文协议具有可行性和有效性.

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Starfish Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network with a Mobile Sink

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