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2020 Volume 45 Issue 8
Article Contents

Ping YANG, Zhi-min CHENG, Jin-you XIANG, et al. On Remained Leaf Population of a Newly Self-Made Fire-Cured Tobacco, Yiyan 08[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 45(8): 51-57. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2020.08.009
Citation: Ping YANG, Zhi-min CHENG, Jin-you XIANG, et al. On Remained Leaf Population of a Newly Self-Made Fire-Cured Tobacco, Yiyan 08[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 45(8): 51-57. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2020.08.009

On Remained Leaf Population of a Newly Self-Made Fire-Cured Tobacco, Yiyan 08

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  • Received Date: 23/09/2019
    Available Online: 20/08/2020
  • MSC: TS41+1

  • Through experiment in the broad fields in three standard biological areas of Yibin, the influence different numbers of remained leaves have been analyzed on the agronomic traits, appearance quality, chemical composition, yield and quality of Yiyan 08. The result indicates that the more the remained leaf population is, the higher the plant will be; Different leaf population has a bigger impact on upper blade, which means with the increasing of leaf population, the length and width of the upper blade have tendency to decrease while there is little influence on the middle lobe and lower blade; Small amount of remained leaves(16-20) brings disadvantage to the yield and value of tobacco while a large amount of remained leaves contributes to more output but causes a lower average price and rate of first-class tobacco; Among those plants possessing 22 to 24 remained leaves, the chemical composition and coordination of their upper and middle blades can meet the standards of excellent tobacco with the best economic traits and appearance quality. Through the overall analyses, the best choice of Yiyan 08's leaf population is from 22 to 24. During the broad fields production of Yiyan 08, 22 remained leaves is the perfect choice for high altitude while 24 for medium and lower altitude.
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On Remained Leaf Population of a Newly Self-Made Fire-Cured Tobacco, Yiyan 08

Abstract: Through experiment in the broad fields in three standard biological areas of Yibin, the influence different numbers of remained leaves have been analyzed on the agronomic traits, appearance quality, chemical composition, yield and quality of Yiyan 08. The result indicates that the more the remained leaf population is, the higher the plant will be; Different leaf population has a bigger impact on upper blade, which means with the increasing of leaf population, the length and width of the upper blade have tendency to decrease while there is little influence on the middle lobe and lower blade; Small amount of remained leaves(16-20) brings disadvantage to the yield and value of tobacco while a large amount of remained leaves contributes to more output but causes a lower average price and rate of first-class tobacco; Among those plants possessing 22 to 24 remained leaves, the chemical composition and coordination of their upper and middle blades can meet the standards of excellent tobacco with the best economic traits and appearance quality. Through the overall analyses, the best choice of Yiyan 08's leaf population is from 22 to 24. During the broad fields production of Yiyan 08, 22 remained leaves is the perfect choice for high altitude while 24 for medium and lower altitude.

  • 烤烟是叶用经济作物[1],烟叶是烟草行业发展的基础.在相同栽培条件下,通过适时打顶,合理留叶,使烟叶化学成分协调,品质优良,从而获得适宜的产、质量[2-6].相关烟草留叶数试验研究表明,选择适当的烤烟栽培留叶数对提高烤烟产值、产量,取得理想的经济效果有重要意义,同时对提高烟叶质量和农业经济效益起着至关重要的作用[7].

    宜宾是四川省重要的烤烟产区之一,为此,采用宜宾选育的烤烟新品系宜烟08,围绕该品系开展配套的栽培技术研究很有必要.本试验通过探讨宜宾烟区生态适应性较好的品种宜烟08不同留叶数对农艺性状、经济性状和烟叶质量等因素的影响,明确宜烟08在优质烟叶生产条件下的最佳留叶片数[8],为制定宜烟08优质烟叶栽培技术提供依据.

1.   地点、材料与方法
  • 试验地均选择具有代表性、前作一致、土壤肥力均匀、地势平坦和开阔向阳的地块,选择高、中、低(海拔)3个点:A为低海拔平坝区试验点,设在兴文县大坝乡沙坝村,海拔500 m;B为中海拔二半山区试验点,设在兴文县大坝乡小寨村,海拔800 m;C为高海拔山区试验点,设在兴文县仙峰乡居平村,海拔1 200 m.

  • 烟草专用复合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=10:15:25)、烟草专用追肥(N:P2O5:K2O=12.5:0:22.5)、硫酸钾(K2O=50)、硝酸钾(N:P2O5:K2O=13.5:0:44)、过磷酸钙(P2O5=12),烤烟品系宜烟08(宜宾市农业科学院与四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司用RG12与云烟108杂交选育而成[9-11]).

  • 试验设6个处理,即处理1(T1):单株留叶片数16片;处理2(T2):单株留叶片数18片;处理3(T3):单株留叶片数20片;处理4(T4):单株留叶片数22片;处理5(T5):单株留叶片数24片,处理6(T6):单株留叶片数26片.采取随机区组排列,3次重复,每个小区种植50株,四周设保护行.

  • 参考YC/T142-1998《中华人民共和国烟草行业标准-烟草农艺性状调查方法》,记载烟株主要生育期,包括移栽期、团棵期、现蕾期、下部叶成熟期、上部叶成熟期.

  • 参考YC/T142-1998《中华人民共和国烟草行业标准-烟草农艺性状调查方法》,调查成熟期烟株的株高、叶片数、叶片长宽、茎围和节距等农艺性状,每个小区随机选取5株测定,计算平均值.

  • 烘烤后各标记处理取中、上部叶用于观察和测定总原烟颜色、色度、结构、身份、油分、单叶质量,及测定中部叶总糖、总氮、烟碱、还原糖、蛋白质、钾和氯等[12-13].

  • 参考GB2635-92《中华人民共和国国家标准-烤烟》进行分级,并计算产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、级指等.

  • 数据处理采用Excel软件和DPS统计软件进行统计分析.

2.   结果与分析
  • 随着海拔的升高,各试验点大田烤烟生长的团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期、下部叶成熟期、上部叶成熟期推迟;同一海拔试验点,下部叶成熟时间一致,上部叶片的成熟随着留叶数的增加而推迟.

    表 1可以看出,随着打顶后总留叶数增加,烤烟下部叶成熟期呈延迟趋势,上部叶成熟最早的为处理1(留叶16片),最迟的为处理6(留叶26片);随着打顶后总留叶数增加,烤烟生育期呈增加趋势.可见,留叶数不同对烤烟生育期的长短有一定的影响.

  • 根据表 2成熟期农艺性状分析,随着烤烟的打顶留叶数不同,其农艺性状表现也不同[14].不同处理农艺性状株高、节距、茎围、叶面积的综合表现,均以处理4、处理5较为恰当.

  • 对不同处理的上、中部烟叶外观质量进行评价(表 3),不同试验点、不同处理的外观质量表现出较小差异,且各处理烟叶成熟度均为成熟,原烟颜色桔黄,身份适中,油分足,结构疏松,烟叶外观质量较好.中、上部烟叶的单叶质量与留叶数的多少有关,随着留叶数的增加,叶片的单叶质量减小,同一处理的上部叶单叶质量大于中部叶.

  • 优质烤烟化学成分质量分数及比值(表 4),一般总糖18%~22%,还原糖16%~18%,总氮1.5%~3.5%,蛋白质8%~10%,烟碱1.5%~3.5%,钾2%以上,氯1%以下,糖蛋比2~2.5,糖碱比8~12,氮碱比1或略小于1,较为协调.对不同处理的中、上部烟叶进行内在化学成分分析,总糖随留叶数的增加有递增的趋势,且中部叶大于上部叶;钾离子,中部叶大于上部叶,在留叶数处理16,18片,都在2以下,较低;还原糖上部叶大于中部叶且中部叶还原糖质量分数低;烟碱上部叶高于中部叶,中部叶烟碱质量分数正常适中;总氮上部叶低于中部叶,上部叶质量分数适中;蛋白质中、上部叶片差异较小,中部叶略低于上部叶;氯离子中部叶略大于上部叶;糖碱比、氮碱比、糖蛋比在留叶数22,24处理中,表现正常协调.综合分析,留叶数22,24处理的化学成分协调性更好.

  • 结果见表 5.大坝乡沙坝村四组试验点,产量以处理5留叶24片最高,其次是处理6,4,3,2,1;产值以处理5留叶24片最高,其次是处理3,2,4,1,6;随留叶数的增加,各处理上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价呈递减趋势;级指随留叶数的增加而减小;产指处理5最高,其次是处理3,2,4,1,6.处理5产值、产量均极显著高于其他处理,其产量、产值分别达到2 195.1 kg/hm2,45 943.20元/hm2,较最差处理增产210.6 kg/hm2,增值1 401.30元/hm2,产量、产值分别提高了10.61%,3.15%.由此可知,处理5留叶数24片产值、产量最高,经济性状表现最好.

    大坝乡小寨村二组试验点,产量以处理5留叶24片最高,其次是处理4,6,3,2,1,产值以处理4留叶20片最高,其次是处理5,6,3,2,1;随留叶数的增加,各处理上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价均呈递减趋势;级指随留叶数的增加而减小;产指处理4最高,其次是处理5,6,3,2,1.处理4,5留叶数22,24片产值、产量差异无统计学意义,上等烟比例、上中等烟比例差异有统计学意义.处理5产量最高,为2 170.8 kg/hm2,较最差处理增产207.9 kg/hm2,提高了10.59%;处理4产值最高,为47 441.70元/hm2,较最差处理增值2 752.95元/hm2,提高了6.16%.由此可知,处理4留叶数为22其经济性状表现最好.

    仙峰乡居平村三组试验点,产量以处理4留叶22片最高,其次是处理5,6,3,2,1;产值以处理4留叶22片最高,其次是处理5,3,2,6,1;随留叶数的增加,各处理上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价均呈递减趋势;级指随留叶数的增加而减小;产指处理4最高,其次是处理5,3,2,6,1.处理4产量、产值分别达到2 211 kg/hm2,49 567.20元/hm2,较最差处理增产207.0 kg/hm2,增值2 790.00元/hm2,产量、产值分别提高了10.33%,5.96%.由此可知,处理4留叶数22片经济性状表现最好.

    根据表 5烟叶的经济性状分析,留叶数的多少对烟叶的经济性状影响较大,留适当的叶数,可使上等烟比例明显增加[15];适宜的留叶数能获得较高的级指、产指、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例.宜烟08大田生产高海拔区适宜留叶数为22片,中、低海拔区适宜留叶数为24片.

3.   结论与讨论
  • 随着留叶数的增加,烟株的株高呈增长趋势,茎围、上部叶面积呈递减趋势;中、上部叶的单叶质量随着叶片的增加而减小;留叶数不同对烤烟生育期的长短有一定的影响,随着留叶数的增加,生育期延长,且留叶数在22~24片,中、上部烟叶化学成分及协调性更好,指标值更倾向优质烟叶标准,外观质量表现更好.

    通过对不同留叶数处理的经济性状分析结果,低海拔区留叶数24片处理产量、产值最高,为2 195.1 kg/hm2,45 943.20元/hm2,较最差处理增产210.6 kg/hm2,增值1 401.30元/hm2,产量、产值分别提高了10.61%,3.15%;中海拔区留叶数24片处理产量最高,为2 170.8 kg/hm2,较最差处理增产207.9 kg/hm2,增产10.59%.留叶数22片处理产值最高,为47 441.7元/hm2,较最差处理增值2 752.95元/hm2,提高了6.16%;高海拔区留叶数22片处理产量、产值最高,分别达到2 211.0 kg/hm2,49 567.20元/ hm2,较最差处理增产207.0 kg/hm2,增值2 790.00元/hm2,产量、产值分别提高了10.33%,5.96%.本研究结果表明,中等肥力条件下,宜烟08大田生产适宜留叶数为22~24片,其中,宜烟08大田生产高海拔区适宜留叶数为22片,中、低海拔区适宜留叶数为24片.

    本试验探讨了宜烟08留叶数对烤烟生长及产量、产值的影响,对宜宾烟区烤烟生产的大田管理具有指导性作用,对其他烟区的烟叶生产也提供了一定的参考.

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