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2018年1月,《中共中央国务院关于全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的意见》出台,提出要“大力振兴教师教育,不断提升教师专业素质能力”[1],对教师队伍建设提出了总体要求,为教师教育改革指明了方向。为进一步贯彻落实这一文件精神,当务之急是准确理解和澄清以下几个方面的问题:其一,教师教育的基本内容是什么;其二,教师教育的核心任务是什么;其三,教师教育作为一门学科的标准有哪些;其四,教师教育的发展取向是什么;其五,如何构建具有中国特色的教师教育学科体系。深入研究这些问题,有助于推进教师教育学科建设,把握教师教育改革的正确方向,培养高素质教师队伍。
The Disciplinary Construction and Development Orientation of Teacher Education in the New Era
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摘要: 在教师教育改革与发展的新形势下, 加强教师教育学科建设成为全面深化新时代教师队伍建设改革的重要内容。思考, 探讨教师教育学科内涵及其建设途径, 具有重要的现实意义。教师教育作为一门学科应包括五个方面; 第一, 应有“教师学”内容; 第二, 应有本学科及跨学科课程, 教学与评估的内容; 第三, 应有教育学的内容; 第四, 应有与其他学科相关的教师教育专题探究的内容; 第五, 应有实习, 行动研究、实践与反思的内容。教师教育的核心任务是培养优秀教师﹐因而应注重和加强教学的学术性研究。这就需要处理好专业理论、实用技能以及政策之间的关系, 通过提升教学的学术性推动教师教育学科的建设与发展。教师教育改革应注重学科建设, 注重教师教育学科的发展性、政策性、科研性和专业性。教师教育学科建设, 既要参考国际先进经验和科研成果, 又要顾及我国的国情、国策以及地方因素, 通过探索教师教育的不同范式, 多元理论和实践路径, 建立具有中国特色和国际视野、面向未来的教师教育学科体系。Abstract: In the new situation of teacher education reform and development, intensification of the construction of teacher education disciplines has become an important content of comprehensively deepening the reform of teacher team construction in the new era. Both the consideration and the discussion of the teacher education discipline system and its construction methods have important practical significance. As a subject, teacher education should include five aspects: the content for teachers and teacher educators; the content for the subject and interdisciplinary courses, teaching and evaluation; the content of pedagogy; the content of teacher education topics related to other disciplines; and the content of internship, action research, practice and reflection. Teacher education reform should focus on discipline construction, the development, policy, scientific research and professional nature of teacher education disciplines. At the same time, since the core task of teacher education is to train excellent teachers, strengthening the academic research of teacher education is also an indispensable and important content. This requires handling the relationship among professional theories, practical skills and policies. And we also need to improve teaching techniality for the construction and development of teacher education disciplines.On the one hand the development of teacher education disciplines must refer to international advanced experience and scientific research results.On the other hand it is necessary to take into account our country’s national conditions, policies, and local factors. Through exploring different paradigms, multiple theories and practical paths of teacher education, it is necessary to establish a model with Chinese characteristics and a teacher education discipline system with Chinese characteristics and international views.
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Key words:
- teacher education /
- discipline construction /
- academic teaching /
- educational paradigm /
- humanistic orientation .
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表 1 不同年代出版的《教师教育研究手册》基本框架和主要内容
出版时间 版本 主要内容 1990年 第一版[4] (1)教师教育探究的领域
(2)教师教育的哲理
(3)教师教育的发展脉络和模式
(4)教师教育的参与者
(5)教师教育的课程架构
(6)教师教育的过程
(7)评价与传播
(8)不同课程领域的教师教育
(9)教师教育的宽阔视野1996年 第二版[5] (1)教师教育研究领域
(2)招聘、选择及最初准备
(3)教师教育的发展脉络及影响
(4)教师教育的课程架构
(5)教师专业成长、持续发展及评估
(6)多样性及平等议题
(7)教师教育的发展方向2008年 第三版[6] (1)教师教育有什么意义?教师教育的目的
(2)教师要知道什么?教师能力:知识、信念、技能和投入(commitments)
(3)教师应该在什么地方履行职责?教师教育的场景和角色
(4)谁教?谁应该教?教师招聘、选择和留任
(5)教师教育是否有区别?多样性与教师教育
(6)教师如何学会教学?教师不断学习与进步
(7)谁决定?谁负责?教师教育的权威与相关政策
(8)教师专业能力如何提高?教师教育研究
(9)教师教育的好处有哪些?教师教育的应有地位表 2 教师教育作为一门学科的必备条件及参考标准
必备条件及参考标准 部分例子 1.外部条件 (1)学术认可 Boyer提出有关教师教育的学术标准[15] (2)学术期刊 《教师教育学报》(Journal of Teacher Education,美国)
《教学与教师教育》(Teaching & Teacher Education,美国)
《教师与教学》(Teachers & Teaching,美国)
《教师教育研究》(中国)
《教师教育学报》(中国)(3)专业学会 欧洲教师教育协会(Association for Teacher Education Europe,ATEE)
美国教师教育学院协会(The American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education,AACTE)
世界教师教育协会联合会(The World Federation of Associations of Teacher Education,WFATE)
国际教师教育学会(International Society for Teacher Education,ISfTE)
国际教师与教学研究协会(International Study Association on Teachers and Teaching,ISATT)(4)学术会议 上述部分学会的会议 (5)研究中心 伦敦大学教育学院教师与教学研究中心(Centre for Teachers and Teaching Research,UCL-IOE)
北京师范大学教师教育研究中心
早稻田大学教师教育研究所
台中教育大学教师教育研究中心(6)研究训练 大量博士论文与教师教育有关 2.内在条件 (1)科学化知识 《教师教育研究手册》出版
Loughran提出教师教学法[16]
相关论文在学术期刊发表
相关专著出版
相关研究成果对教师教育课程及实践的启示(2)问题的提出 (3)相关概念、理论基础及发展 (4)研究方法 (5)阶段性进展(progress) (6)研究模式及论文发表 (7)开创性研究成果 (8)研究成果的应用与评价 -
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