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近年来,跨境教育成为我国教育改革的热点问题。从2010年颁布的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》到2016年颁布的《关于做好新时期教育对外开放工作的若干意见》,再到2019年颁布的《中国教育现代化2035》,我国都把完善跨境教育监管制度,建设好中外合作办学机构和项目,推动我国高水平教育机构海外办学,作为一个重要的政策取向。因此,如何完善体制机制,建立健全监管制度,提高涉外办学的水平,是一个亟待深入研究的课题。放眼世界,在经济全球化浪潮中,随着高等教育国际化程度的加深和通信技术的迅猛发展,作为跨境办学重要形式的海外分校获得了快速发展。随着高等学校海外分校的发展,教育输入国渐始监管,然而高等学校海外分校的超国家性加剧了输入国监管的复杂性,冲击了传统高等教育单一的监管框架,高等学校海外分校监管渐趋成为国际高等教育关注的焦点。本文拟从教育输入国境内高等学校海外分校的视角,梳理国际视野下跨境办学监管模式的演变,分析国际视野下跨境办学监管模式的类型及其特征,并就我国跨境办学监管路径的选择提出建议。
The International Regulation Models of Cross-border Education and Path Selection for China: Perspective of Education Importing Countries with Higher Education InstitutionBranch Campuses
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摘要: 自20世纪90年代以来,作为跨境办学重要形式的高等学校海外分校成为国际高等教育发展的一种新动向,教育输入国对其监管经历了从无监管到有监管的演变,呈现出多种监管模式并存的局面。按照法律监管框架,跨境办学监管模式分为无监管型、自由型、相对自由型、自由向限制转换型、限制向自由转换型、严格限制型等六种类型。我国应该基于不同国家的跨境办学监管制度,制定可持续发展的境外办学与监管策略,稳步推进境外办学,并加强对我国境内中外合作办学机构的监管,探索具有中国特色兼与国际接轨的监管框架。Abstract: Since the 1990s, overseas campuses of higher education institutions have become a new trend in the development of international higher education. The regulation of the education importing countries have gone through a process from non-regulation to regulation with multiple regulation models. According to regulation frameworks, there are six types of regulation models, namely no regulation, liberal, moderately liberal, moving transitionally from liberal to more restrictive, moving transitionally from restrictive to more liberal, very restrictive. Based on the regulation models of cross-border education of different countries, China should formulate its own sustainable regulatory framework with Chinese characteristics in line with international standards. The regulatory framework can not only promote the development and supervision of overseas campuses of Chinese universities, but also strengthen the supervision of joint-venture universities in China.
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