-
世界银行(World Bank,以下简称“世行”)自1945年成立以来,依靠其金融优势,通过低息、免息贷款以及赠款在全球范围内开展教育援助活动。1996年,时任行长詹姆斯·沃尔芬森(James Wolfensohn)提出,将世行打造成最先进的知识机构,向“知识银行”(Knowledge Bank)转型。世行逐渐成为全球为发展中国家提供资金和知识的最重要来源之一[1],也成为全球最大的发展研究机构[2]。在“知识银行”战略指引下,“知识分享”(Knowledge Sharing)成为世行推进教育援助发展的重要形式。世行利用“金融”和“知识”双重工具,通过贷款服务和知识服务开展教育援助活动。
21世纪以来,中国不断扩大和深化与世行的合作,并以合作者的身份助力国际援助的发展。当前,中国在世行的投票份额占4.69%,仅次于美国的15.67%和日本的7.61%,位居第三[3]。这体现了中国在世行话语权的提升,同时也意味着需要展现与之相适配的大国担当和责任义务。中国与世行的教育援助合作,对发展中国家的教育发展具有重要意义。厘清世行“知识分享”视角下教育援助的价值取向、规范扩散和实践保障,对于中国加强与世行的教育合作及教育援助合作都具有重要意义。
The Value Orientation, Knowledge Diffusion and Practical Guarantee of the Educational Aidof World Bank: From thePerspective of Knowledge Sharing
-
摘要: “知识分享”是世界银行推进教育援助活动的重要形式。世界银行教育援助的价值取向一直以教育的经济功能为主导。在此基调下,世界银行重视学习的机会和质量问题,近年来也逐渐关注到教育的人文主义价值。世界银行通过贷款条件、专家学者、国际教育活动等渠道,扩散教育援助的最佳实践和解决方案。世界银行以项目条件、项目周期、项目建议和项目研究为依托,为教育援助实践项目提供了方向保障、运作保障、框架保障和数据保障。作为占据世界银行投票份额第三的国家,中国与之开展教育援助合作,应更好地认识其优势和局限,以扩宽合作渠道、规避合作风险。Abstract: Theknowledge sharingisanimportant formofpromotingeducational aid activitiesforthe World Bankbeinganinternational development aid agency. Firstly, the economic value of education has always been the main theme of the value orientation of theWorld Bank educational assistance. In recent years, the World Bank has begun to pay attention to the acquisition and quality of learningwhich has improvedthe value orientation of humanism.Plus, the world bank disseminates the educational norms through channels such as conditionalaid loans, expertlearningand international educational activity platforms. What's more, the World Bank guarantees the success rate of educational projects and the effectiveness of educational assistance through project conditions, project cycle, project proposals and project research.Chinaisthe thirdlargest country in the World Bank's voting share. China should identify the advantages and limitations of its educational aid to expand cooperation channels and avoid cooperation risks when cooperating with it.
-
Key words:
- World Bank /
- educational aid /
- knowledge sharing /
- value orientation /
- norm /
- effectiveness .
-
[1] World Bank. Who we are[EB/OL]. [2022-01-22]. https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are. [2] GILBERT L, DAVID V. The World Bank: structure and policies[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006: 49. [3] World Bank. International bank for reconstruction and development subscriptions and voting power of member countries[EB/OL]. (2020-10-05)[2021-10-20]. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/795101541106471736/IBRDCountryVotingTable.pdf. [4] World Bank. Knowledge management[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001: 9. [5] World Bank. The state of World Bank knowledge services: knowledge for development 2011[Z]. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, 2011: 1. [6] World Bank. World Bank group strategy[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013: 2. [7] ALAVI M, LEIDNER D. Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2001(1): 107-136. [8] FINNEMORE M, SIKKINK K. International norm dynamics and political change[J]. International Organization, 1998(4): 887-917. [9] World Bank. The World Bank annual report 2009[Z]. Washington, DC: International bank for reconstruction and development, 2009: 19. [10] ENNS C. Knowledges in competition: knowledge discourse at the World Bank during the knowledge for development era[J]. Global social policy, 2015(1) : 61-80. [11] World Bank. Becoming a knowledge-sharing organization a handbook for scaling up solutions through knowledge capturing and sharing[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016: 8. [12] STEFFEN SOULEJMAN J. Becoming a knowledge-sharing organization: ahandbook for scaling up solutions through knowledge capturing and sharing[R]. Washington, DC: The World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2015: 1. [13] World Bank. Education sector strategy[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999: 23. [14] MUNDY K. Education for all and the new development compact[J]. International review of education, 2006(1): 23-48. [15] KING K. Multilateral agencies in the construction of the global agenda on education[J]. Comparative Education, 2007(3): 377-391. [16] World Bank. Education strategy 2020-learning for all investing in people's knowledge and skills to promote development[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011: 5. [17] World Bank. Education brief: read@home: delivering reading, learning materials and parental support to hard-to-reach homes[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2020. [18] World Bank. Education fact sheet investing in education from early childhood to lifelong learning[EB/OL]. [2022-04-10]https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/7a74d84bf981bfedaa52098ee283e0b6-0140012021/related/WB-factSheet-03-03-22-final.pdf. [19] TERZIAN S. International influences on Post‐Soviet Armenian education[J]. European journal of education, 2016(2): 281-294. [20] DE MOURA CASTRO C. The World Bank policies: damned if you do, damned if you don't[J]. Comparative Education, 2002(4): 387-399. [21] JONES P. W. Taking the credit: Financing and policy linkages in the education portfolio of the World Bank[G]. In STEINER-KHAMSI G. (Ed.). The global politics of educational borrowing and lending. Columbia: Teachers College Press, 2004: 190. [22] HUNTER W, BROWN D. World Bank directives, domestic interests, and the politics of human capital investment in Latin America[J]. Comparative Political Studies, 2000(1): 113-143. [23] BROAD R. Research, knowledge and the art of 'paradigm maintenance': the World Bank's development economics vice-presidency (DEC)[J]. Review of International Economy 2006(3): 387-419. [24] WADE R. Japan, the World Bank, and the art of paradigm maintenance: the East Asian miracle in political perspective[J]. New left review, 1996(1): 3-36. [25] SAMOFF J. The reconstruction of schooling in Africa[J]. Comparative Education Review, 1993(2): 181-222. [26] World Bank. World Bank institute learning for development[Z]. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008: 3. [27] World Bank. Open learning campus, pathways to learning[EB/OL]. (2021-10-20)[2022-03-15] https://olc.worldbank.org/about-olc/about-learning-paths. [28] World Bank. Open learning campus, our difference[EB/OL]. (2021-09-18)[2022-03-15] https://olc.worldbank.org/about-olc/about-topic [29] VERGER A, BERENT EDWARDS D. Learning from all? The World Bank, aid agencies and the construction of hegemony in education for development[J]. Comparative Education, 2014(4): 1-19. [30] BRENT EDWARDS D, ANNIE R, SPERDUTI VANESSA R, et al. The influence of the World Bank on policy formation, policy implementation, and private education: a systematic review of the literature[R]. Paris: global education monitoring report team, 2021. [31] MOSLEY P, HARRIGAN J, TOYE J. Aid and power: the World Bank and policy based lending[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 1995: 27. [32] TARABINI A. Educational targeting in the fight against poverty: limits, omissions and opportunities[J]. Globalisation, societies and education, 2008(4): 415-429. [33] STALLINGS B. International influence on economic policy: Debt, stabilization, and structural reform[G]. InHAGGARD S, KAUFMAN R (Eds.). The politics of economic adjustment. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992: 55. [34] KAHLER M. External influence, conditionality, and the politics of adjustment[G]. InHAGGARD S, KAUFMAN R (Eds.). The politics of economic adjustment. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992: 94. [35] World Bank. The World Bank Group A to Z[M]. Washington DC: World Bank, 2016: 144. [36] SMITH L. Power and the hierarchy of knowledge: a review of a decade of the World Bank's relationship with South Africa[J]. Geoforum, 2008(1): 236-251. [37] CARNEY S, BISTA M. Community schooling in Nepal: a genealogy of education reform since 1990[J]. Comparative Education Review, 2009(2): 189-211. [38] NAFUKHO FREDRICK M, MUYIAMACHUMA H. The World Bank's Africa virtual university project: a revisit[J]. European journal of training and development, 2013(7): 646-661. [39] MUKHOPADHYAY R, SRIPRAKASH A. Global frameworks, local contingencies: Policy translations and education development in India[J]. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2011(3): 311-326. [40] VERGER A, BRENT EDWARDS D. Learning from all? The World Bank, aid agencies and the construction of hegemony in education for development[J]. Comparative Education, 2014(4): 1-19. [41] MOUTSIO S. International organisations and transnational education policy[J]. Compare: a journal of comparative and international education, 2009(4): 469-481.
计量
- 文章访问数: 920
- HTML全文浏览数: 920
- PDF下载数: 43
- 施引文献: 0