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随着联合国千年发展计划、可持续发展目标在世界各国深入实施,全球基础教育毛入学率和教育公平度持续提高。但这些成效并未真正转化为适龄儿童高质量学习体验,在许多不发达国家仍存在入学机会不充分,基本阅读、写作、计算核心素养学习缺失等教育问题,中低收入国家60%以上小学生达不到计算和阅读的最低水平,联合国教科文组织称其为“学习危机”或“学习贫困”,已演化为全球性“教育危机”,并正在引发全球“技能危机”[1]。世界银行在2018年世界发展报告《学习实现教育承诺》中明确了“学习危机”的基本特征:学生虽入学但无准备学习,营养不良、疾病、家庭投入不足、贫穷等直接摧毁了儿童早期有效学习;教师缺乏有效教学技能,国家教育体系难以吸纳具有正规教师教育资格的合格教师,教师素质普遍不高;课堂有效教学输入缺失,造成学生无效学习;低效率教育管理导致教育资源无效利用,教育质量难以保障[2]。为有效推进对外教育援助,芬兰充分发挥自身教育高质量发展优势,整合政府部门、社会组织、私营部门、高等院校等多利益相关部门的优质教育资源,实施了大量对外教育援助项目,凸显了芬兰对外教育援助的鲜明特征。
Logical Motivation, Practical Routes and Basic Characteristics of Foreign Education Assistance in Finland
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摘要: 长期以来,不发达国家教育可持续发展面临着严峻困境,亟待通过国际教育援助建立全纳高质量教育体系。近年来,芬兰充分发挥自身的教育高质量发展优势,积极参与多边国际教育援助,深度整合政府部门、社会组织、私营部门、高等院校等多利益相关部门的优质教育资源,实施了大量对外教育援助项目,取得了良好效果。芬兰对外教育援助具有典型特征,充分体现了其对外教育援助的系统整合性、优势输出的针对性以及“授之以渔”的援助理念。Abstract: The sustainable development of education in underdeveloped countries has long faced severe difficulties, which makes it an urgent need to establish acomprehensive and quality education system through international education assistance. In recent years, Finland actively participated in multilateral assistance for education and gave full play to its advantages in high-quality development of education. It also made an in-depth integration on educational resourcesfrom multi-stakeholders, such as governments, social organizations, private sectors and universities, and achieved good effect in their foreign assistance to education projects. Finland's foreign assistance to education fully embodies its typical characteristics: the integration of its system, the pertinence of its advantages, and the idea of "teaching a man to fish rather than giving him a fish".
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Key words:
- Finland /
- education assistance /
- logical motivation /
- practical route /
- basic characteristics .
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