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石斛属(Dendrobium)植物既是我国传统中药材,更是名贵的观赏花卉.近年来,石斛产业发展迅猛,产品一直处于供不应求的状态,且需求有逐年增加趋势.因此,培育优质、高产石斛新种质十分紧迫和必要.多倍体因器官巨大、株型奇特、抗逆性强等特征而被育种家们青睐,已成为目前种质创新研究的热点和重点领域之一.现已获得铁皮石斛[1]、齿瓣石斛[2]、粗舌石斛[3]、金钗石斛[4]、春石斛及秋石斛杂交种[5-6]的多倍体.黑喉石斛(Den.ochreatum)嫩茎开花的特性有别于其他石斛品种,即在新芽长成后便立即开花,不需经过冬季的低温处理,大大缩短了开花时间,使之更具有特殊价值,是石斛育种的珍贵材料.目前对于黑喉石斛的研究国内还未见报道.本研究以黑喉石斛的原球茎为材料,采用秋水仙素进行多倍体诱导,以期为石斛种质资源创新提供新材料.
Study on Polyploid of Dendrobium ochreatum Induced by Colchicine
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摘要: 以黑喉石斛原球茎为材料,探讨了秋水仙素不同处理对黑喉石斛多倍体诱导的影响.流式细胞仪测定结果表明,适宜四倍体诱导的秋水仙素质量分数在0.01%~0.03%之间,适宜八倍体诱导的秋水仙素质量分数在0.05%~0.10%之间,处理时间均为2~3 d;获得的多倍体在形态、气孔和染色体数目上有明显变化;八倍体与四倍体相比,发育更加迟缓,多表现为整株分叉.Abstract: Effects of the various colchicine treatments on polyploidy induction of Den. ochreatum were carried out in the current work. The results measured by flow cytometry showed that the most efficient condition of Den. Ochreatum for inducing tetraploids seemed to be treated with 0.01%-0.03% colchicine and octoploids with 0.05%-0.1% colchicine all for 2-3 days. The polyploidies were different from normal diploids in morphology, stoma and chromosome numbers. Compared with tetraploid, octoploid developed more slowly, and more showed bifurcation.
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Key words:
- Dendrobium ochreatum /
- colchicine /
- polyploidy /
- protocorm .
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表 1 不同秋水仙素处理对黑喉石斛植株形态的影响
秋水仙素的
质量分数/%培养
时间/d叶长
/mm叶宽
/mm叶型指数 株高
/cm茎粗
/mm0.005 1 19.67±0.58efg 2.00±0.00j 9.78±0.25ab 3.27±0.06bcd 3.20±0.17efg 2 20.33±1.15cdef 2.33±0.12i 8.46±0.47c 3.20±0.10bcde 3.17±0.23efg 3 18.00±1.00gh 3.23±0.12e 5.41±0.10e 2.90±0.17def 4.17±0.29cd 0.010 1 22.33±0.58bc 2.63±0.06h 9.17±1.22bc 3.90±0.10a 3.00±0.00fg 2 20.00±2.00defg 2.67±0.21h 7.43±0.20d 2.87±0.21ef 3.17±0.15efg 3 15.33±0.58ij 3.97±0.06cd 3.87±0.11g 2.43±0.12g 6.00±1.00a 0.030 1 25.00±1.00a 2.70±0.20gh 9.20±1.09bc 3.50±0.26b 2.67±0.12g 2 15.33±0.58ij 3.13±0.15e 4.91±0.08e 2.63±0.06fg 3.97±0.06d 3 13.33±0.58j 3.77±0.21d 3.57±0.32g 1.97±0.06h 5.23±0.40b 0.050 1 22.00±1.00bcd 3.05±0.05ef 7.17±0.27d 3.07±0.38cde 3.03±0.06fg 2 18.67±2.89fg 4.00±0.00bc 4.80±0.64ef 2.90±0.35def 3.77±0.25de 3 14.67±1.15ij 4.30±0.10a 3.27±0.08g 2.07±0.15h 4.33±0.29cd 0.100 1 21.00±1.00bcde 2.90±0.10fg 7.22±0.49d 3.30±0.10bc 3.33±0.29ef 2 16.33±0.58hi 4.20±0.10ab 4.01±0.35fg 2.63±0.32fg 4.23±0.25cd 3 16.33±1.53hi 4.30±0.10a 3.83±0.31g 2.60±0.10fg 4.67±0.29c 对照 23.00±1.00ab 2.27±0.21i 10.40±0.11a 2.97±0.21cdef 3.27±0.06efg 注:同列内相同字母表示经邓肯氏多重极差检验在0.05水平上差异不具有统计学意义. 表 2 黑喉石斛二倍体与变异株气孔比较
植株 气孔长度/
μm气孔宽度/
μm长宽比 气孔密度/
(个·mm-2)二倍体 34.89±2.80b 37.03±1.58b 0.94±0.08a 81.02±4.10a 变异株 43.66±3.34a 52.21±2.50a 0.84±0.06b 47.01±3.64b 表 3 各处理流式细胞仪倍性分析结果
质量分数/
%时间/
d检测株数 二倍体及比率/
株(%)四倍体及比率/
株(%)八倍体及比率/
株(%)混倍体及比率/
株(%)变异率
/%0.005 1 10 8(80) 0(0) 0(0) 2(20) 20 2 10 6(60) 2(20) 0(0) 2(20) 40 3 10 4(40) 3(30) 0(0) 3(30) 60 0.010 1 9 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 9(100) 100 2 9 0(0) 6(60) 0(0) 3(30) 100 3 10 0(0) 8(80) 0(0) 2(20) 100 0.030 1 10 4(40) 2(20) 2(20) 2(20) 60 2 10 0(0) 4(40) 2(20) 4(40) 100 3 10 0(0) 7(70) 2(20) 1(10) 100 0.050 1 10 0(0) 6(60) 2(20) 2(20) 100 2 10 0(0) 2(20) 5(50) 3(30) 100 3 10 0(0) 0(0) 5(50) 5(50) 100 0.100 1 10 0(0) 0(0) 6(60) 4(40) 100 2 10 0(0) 0(0) 7(70) 3(30) 100 3 10 0(0) 0(0) 6(60) 4(40) 100 -
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