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犬寄生虫病是一类很普遍的疾病,各种寄生虫不仅危害犬的健康,而且有些寄生虫还对人体组织器官造成不同程度的病理损伤,引起严重的人畜共患病,直接危害人类健康[1-3].犬感染寄生虫种类较多,尤其是肠道寄生虫[4-6],常引起犬消瘦、贫血、腹泻及生长发育受阻,严重者导致犬死亡.
消化道内寄生虫是犬最常见的病原,多数无临床症状,通常幼犬易感[7-8].犬蛔虫、钩虫系土源性寄生虫,发育中不需要中间宿主参与,虫卵随犬粪便排出体外,需在外界适宜条件下发育到感染期被犬吞食而感染.犬复孔绦虫系生物源性寄生虫,发育需要中间宿主参与.其虫卵随粪便排至外界,被中间宿主蚤类吞食后,在蚤体内发育为似囊尾蚴,犬吞食蚤类而感染.此外,犬还是多种人畜共患病的传播者,如棘球绦虫的幼虫——棘球蚴能引起家畜死亡,不仅给畜牧业生产带来严重的经济损失,而且严重影响人类健康[9].
为了解重庆市荣昌区犬消化道寄生虫的感染情况,笔者于2015-2016年对荣昌区6个街镇犬的消化道内寄生虫感染情况进行了调查,以期为该区犬寄生虫病的综合防治提供依据.
Survey of Epidemiology of Alimentary Canal Parasitosis of Dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing
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摘要: 了解重庆市荣昌区犬消化道内寄生虫的感染情况,为制定防治措施提供依据.采用锦纶筛兜淘洗法、饱和盐水漂浮法和虫卵沉淀法调查了荣昌区6个街镇的209份犬粪样.结果检测出感染虫体种数为5种,感染率最高的是犬弓首蛔虫,阳性率为77.03%;感染率最低的是巴西钩口线虫,感染率为21.53%. 1-6月龄的犬寄生虫感染率为98.68%;7-12月龄的犬寄生虫感染率为79.17%;1岁以上的犬寄生虫感染率为68.85%.本地犬寄生虫的感染率达到了96.55%;其次属杂交犬,为89.65%;宠物犬的感染率较低,为59.38%.结果表明,荣昌区犬消化道内寄生虫感染较为普遍,应重视犬寄生虫病的防治.Abstract: To understand the alimentary canal parasitic infections of dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for making measures of parasitic disease control, 209 faecal samples were randomly collected from dogs in six towns and sub-districts of Rongchang and examined with the direct smear method, the saturated sodium chloride flotation method and the sedimentation method. Five species of parasites were found, of which Toxocara canis had the highest infection rate (77.03%) and Ancylostoma braziliense the lowest infection rate (21.53%). The parasite infection rate was 98.68%, 79.17% and 68.85% for 1-6-month-old, 7-12-month-old and ≥one-year-old dogs, respectively. The infection rate was 96.55%, 89.65% and 59.38% for the native Chinese dogs, hybridization dogs and pet dogs, respectively. It is concluded from the above investigation that alimentary canal parasites are highly prevalent in dogs in Rongchang and enough attention should be given to their control.
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Key words:
- dog /
- alimentary canal parasite /
- infection rate /
- detection .
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表 1 检测发现的犬消化道寄生虫种类
科别 属别 种名 弓首科(Toxocaridae) 弓首属(Toxocara) 犬弓首蛔虫(T. canis) 钩口科(Ancylostomatidae) 钩口属(Ancylostoma) 犬钩口线虫(A. caninum) 巴西钩口线虫(A. braziliense) 艾美耳科(Eimeriidae) 等孢属(Isospora) 犬等孢球虫(I. spp) 双壳科(Dilepididae) 复孔属(Dipylidium) 犬复孔绦虫(D. caninum) 表 2 检出的犬消化道内寄生虫种类及感染率
寄生虫种类 检查数样 检出阳性数样本 感染率/% 犬弓首蛔虫卵 209 161 77.03 犬复孔绦虫卵 209 75 35.88 巴西钩口线虫卵 209 45 21.53 犬钩口线虫卵 209 78 37.32 等孢球虫卵囊 209 54 25.84 表 3 不同年龄犬寄生虫感染情况
年龄(月龄) 检测只数 感染只数 虫体种数 感染率/% 1-6 76 75 5 98.68 7-12 72 57 5 79.17 1岁以上 61 42 4 68.85 总计 209 174 5 83.25 表 4 不同品种犬寄生虫感染情况
品种 检测只数 感染只数 虫体种数 感染率/% 土犬 87 84 5 96.55 杂交犬 58 52 5 89.65 宠物犬 64 38 4 59.38 总计 209 174 5 83.25 -
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