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天然橡胶树要获得较高的胶乳产量,其中一项重要工作就是通过先进的割胶机械来实现[1-2].割胶工作是一个劳动强度大、技术难度高的过程,在获得较高产量的同时,还要保证橡胶树的持续产胶能力,因此割胶人员必须具备良好的割胶技术[3-4].目前传统的人工割胶早已不能满足橡胶产业的发展需要,机器代替人工割胶是割胶行业发展的大方向.
近几年针对割胶机械自动化程度低开展了一些研究[5-7],如许振昆等[8-9]设计了一种全自动式割胶机及割胶方法,最大程度地解决了人工割胶劳动强度大、作业技术要求高以及人工割胶不够精细化等问题,但考虑到机械性能、割胶效果、成本等原因,仍无法在生产中大面积推广使用.李乔[10]发明了一种半自动割胶机,依靠触发点、传动杆和传感器可以实现端点检测、曲线行刀、自动换行、刀口深度可调等一系列动作,由于天然橡胶树干并非理想圆柱形,此机构对橡胶树的适应性比较差,仅依靠人工把持,支撑臂固定,装置稳定性不高.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所[11]设计了一种捆绑式自动割胶机,结构简单,便于制造及操作,有助于大幅度降低成本,但采用捆绑带进行固定,不能实现个人独立操作且操作相对繁琐.张俊雄等[12]开发了一种挠性仿形割胶装置,依靠仿形导向轮和装有磨粒的挠性带进行割胶,大大改善了对存在凸起或凹陷等缺陷的非理想橡胶树干的仿形效果,但是装置没有设置夹持机构,导向轮过多也增加了装置作业的不稳定性.
针对这些现状,本研究专门设计了一种可独立操作半自动轨道式割胶机,包括导轨装置、行走机构和切割装置.导轨装置是一个相对割胶路径平行设置的仿形机构,采用齿轮齿条方式传动,行走机构设置于轨道上,并能沿轨道在切割橡胶树皮的平面内移动,切割装置设置于行走机构上,用于切割橡胶树皮,并对相关重要机构进行了模态分析和载荷受力分析,为割胶机的进一步改进和设计提供了方法和依据.
Design and Analysis of a Semi-Automatic Track Tapping Machine with Independent Operation
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摘要: 针对当前我国割胶机成本昂贵、作业难度大等问题,设计了一种可独立操作半自动轨道式割胶机,其机构简单、便于操作.利用Solidworks软件对割胶机进行总体设计,并对导轨装置、行走机构和切割装置进行参数化实体建模,将整机关键零部件导入Solidworks simulation,利用模态频率、静应力、载荷算例进行有限元结构分析,得到前5阶频率振型及应力、应变、位移云图.分析结果表明,振动变形主要发生在抵触杆与橡胶树表皮接触位置,且在小振幅和低阶模态频率(其值达到11.95 Hz)时,导轨装置与行走机构不会产生共振,行走机构没有出现明显的应力、应变集中,但导轨内壁的导向轮容易产生较大的位移变形;L型割胶刀上表面的Mises应力沿切应力方向递增时,割胶刀拉扯阻力将沿相同方向增大,但位移变形量不受影响.本分析为割胶机的设计和改进提供了方法和依据.Abstract: In view of the problems of high cost and difficult operation of tapping machines in China, we designed a kind of semi-automatic track tapping machine that can operate independently. Its mechanism is simple and easy to operate. We used Solidworks software to make the overall design of the tapping machine and parameterized solid modeling of the rail device, walking agencies and cutting device. We imported the key parts of the whole tapping machine into Solidworks simulation software, used modal frequency, static stress and load case for finite element structural analysis, and obtained the first 5 levels of frequency modes and stress, strain and displacement maps. The results of analysis showed that vibratory deformation mainly occurred at the point of contact between the contact rod and the epidermis of the rubber tree, and at small and low-order modal frequencies (up to 11.95 Hz), the rail device and the walking agencies did not resonate; that no obvious stress strain concentrated appeared in the walking agencies, but displacement deformation was likely to occur in the guide wheel at the inner wall of the guide rail; and that when the Mises stress of the upper surface of the L-type tapping knife increased along the direction of the shear stress, the tapping resistance of the tapping knife increased in the same direction, and the displacement deformation was not affected.
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Key words:
- tapping machine /
- institutional design /
- structural analysis /
- finite element .
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