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2019年12月,湖北省武汉市相继出现不明原因的肺炎病例,病原学研究证实病原体为一种以前不为人知的新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus),于是将其导致的肺部感染称为新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP),国际上也称为2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19).这种新型冠状病毒是迄今已知可感染人类的冠状病毒家族中的第7个成员,世界卫生组织(WHO)先后将其命名为2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCov)和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)[1-3].此次疫情发生快速而猛烈,近2个多月来确诊病例数量不仅快速攀升,辐射范围也由湖北省发散至全国.然而,不同地区出现的NCP病例可能与湖北病例存在不同的流行病学特征,研究不同地区病例的流行病学特征将有助于各地采取差异化的防控措施.本文对223例重庆地区NCP病例进行分析,旨在了解该病在重庆市的流行特征.
Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis of 223 Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Chongqing
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摘要: 为了解重庆地区新型冠状病毒肺炎的流行过程与流行特征,为制订防治措施提供依据,收集了2020年1月24日-2月23日重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的主城区确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎病例223例的流行病学资料,进行回顾性分析.结果表明,223例确诊病例平均年龄(46.5±16.1)岁;发病至首次就诊的平均间隔时间为6.0 d,发病至确诊的平均间隔时间为7.0 d,多数表现为普通型和轻型,无死亡病例;本地二代病例占近半数,聚集性病例占总病例的比例接近2/3.年龄、暴露史、基础性疾病与病情严重程度有统计学意义.由此可见重庆市主城区以聚集性病例为主,年龄与职业分布较广,从发病到就诊时间仍较长,重庆市防控策略对于疫情发展已产生良好的抑制作用.Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemic process and characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV) in Chongqing, and to provide a basis for its prevention and control. Methods:The data of 223 confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV admitted into Chongqing Public Health Medical Center in the main urban area of Chongqing from January 24 to February 23, 2020 were collected for epidemiological analysis. Results:The mean age of the 223 confirmed cases was 46.45±16.09 years. The serial interval was 6.03 days from disease onset to first medical visit, and 7.04 days from disease onset and to confirmation. Most of the cases were of the common or light category and no deaths occurred. Local second-generation cases and clustered cases accounted for about a half and two-thirds of the total, respectively. Statistically, age, exposure history and underlying diseases were significantly related to the severity of the disease. Conclusion:Most of the patients infected by 2019-nCoV in the main urban area of Chongqing are clustered cases. Their age and professions are widely distributed. The time from disease onset to first medical visit is rather long. The control strategies adopted by the related agencies of Chongqing have produced positive results in inhibiting the development of the plague.
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表 1 重庆市223例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例基本信息及影响病情的因素
项目 确诊病例数/例 占总病例数的比例/% X2值 p值 性别 男 105 47.1 3.071 0.381 女 118 52.9 年龄分组/岁 -5 2 0.9 39.382 0.023 -10 1 0.5 -20 9 4.0 -30 20 9.0 -40 46 20.6 -50 50 22.4 -60 47 21.1 -70 32 14.3 70及以上 16 7.2 职业 餐饮食品业 9 4.0 31.231 0.404 干部职员 50 22.4 工人 12 5.4 家务及待业 36 16.1 教师 1 0.5 离退休 25 11.2 农民 40 17.9 商业服务 33 14.8 学生 14 6.3 医务人员 1 0.5 幼托儿童 2 0.9 暴露史 输入性 64 28.7 26.944 0.000 本地2代 106 47.5 本地3代 53 23.8 基础性疾病 有 56 25.1 33.426 0.012 无 167 74.9 病情 轻型 47 21.4 38.512 0.000 普通型 153 68.3 重症 15 6.7 危重症 8 3.6 -
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