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开放科学(资源服务)标志码(OSID):
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我国丘陵山区耕地面积占全国总耕地面积的63.2%,其地块狭小零碎分散,缺乏机耕道,目前不适宜大中型农业机械耕作,所以微型农业机械在丘陵山区农业作业环节有着不可替代的作用[1-2]. 其中电动微耕机有体积小、结构简单、转移方便、耕作环节零排放等优点,尤其在农业机械向电动化发展的趋势下,对电动微耕机的研究非常有意义[3-5].
电动微耕机作业时随着耕作深度增加整机振动也更强烈,研究表明,在耕深大于10 cm的情况下每天使用4 h,3年后有10%的操作者出现白指病[6-10],但是在作业过程中耕深大于10 cm是非常必要的,因此如何在满足耕深条件下通过对整机进行减振保护操作者的身体健康,是电动微耕机在丘陵山区广泛应用的一个关键因素[11-12].
本文主要研究对象为一台自主研发的耕深大于10 cm的锂电池组电动微耕机样机在快挡作业情况下的竖直方向振动特性,电动微耕机扶手架处的振动直接影响操作者的身体健康,故而针对如何降低扶手架处振动的问题进行研究.
Vibration Characteristic Analysis and Vibration Reduction Research of Electric Micro-Tillers
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摘要: 为了推进电动微耕机在丘陵山区的应用,需要解决耕深大于10 cm的锂电池组电动微耕机振动的定量化研究问题. 采用对整机动力学模型进行简化,建立整机振动数学模型和构建基于Matlab/Simulink整机振动模型仿真的方法;利用田间试验对比验证模型精确度,得到了电动微耕机扶手架、支撑架平板在快挡工况下竖直方向振动加速度均方根值对比数据误差为9.06%和19.50%,仿真与试验的扶手架振动加速度均方根值均大于人手适宜的10 m/s2. 利用Ansys软件进行有限元分析,对支撑架和扶手架采取不同方案的结构优化并进行优化后的仿真分析,结果显示支撑架质量相对减少了1.43 kg,扶手架质量相对增加了1.25 kg. 利用仿真结果加工出优化后的支撑架与扶手架并进行优化后试验,与未优化试验结果相比,传递到人手处的振动加速度均方根值降低了24.5%.Abstract: In order to promote the application of electric micro-tillers in hilly and mountainous areas, it is necessary to solve the quantitative research problem of vibration of an electric micro-tiller with lithium battery pack whose tillage depth is more than 10 cm. In a study reported herein, the dynamic model of the whole machine was simplified, the mathematical model of the whole machine vibration was established, and the simulation method of the whole machine vibration model based on Matlab/Simulink was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by afield test, and the root mean square value of vertical vibration acceleration of the armrest and support plate of the electric micro-tiller under the fast gear condition was obtained. The error of the comparison data was 9.06% and 19.50%. The RMS (root mean square) value of the vibration acceleration of the armrest was greater than 10 m/s2. Finite element analysis was made with Ansys, and the structures of the support frame and armrest were optimized with different schemes. A simulation test was made. The results showed that the weight of the support frame was reduced by 1.43 kg, the weight of the armrest was increased by 1.25 kg, and the root mean square value of the vibration acceleration transmitted to the human hand was reduced by 24.5%.
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Key words:
- electric micro-tiller /
- vibration analysis /
- simulation /
- field experiment /
- optimization .
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表 1 电动微耕机主要性能参数
项目 档位 参数 耕深/mm 100 耕幅/mm 800 额定功率/W 750 旋耕刀转速/(r·min-1) 快挡 145 行进速度/(m·s-1) 快挡 0.5 表 2 快挡工况下RMS值对比
位置 试验RMS值/(m·s-2) 仿真RMS值/(m·s-2) 误差/% 扶手架 10.45 10.06 3.88 支撑架平板 49.08 39.51 19.50 -
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