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弓首蛔虫病主要是弓首科(Toxocaridae)弓首属(Toxocara)犬弓首蛔虫(T. canis)寄生于人体及多种动物引起的一种重要的人兽共患病[1].动物通过摄入其感染性虫卵或幼虫而感染.在终末宿主体内,T. canis感染性幼虫经内脏移行最终在肠道发育为成虫.在人及其他非特异宿主体内,感染性幼虫不能发育为成虫,而是移行到宿主诸多器官,如肝、肺、心、肾、眼睛、脑、肌肉等部位,成为滞育的第3期幼虫.当人体感染后,幼虫在移行期能够逃避宿主的免疫监视,因而不会产生明显的病理变化;而濒死和死亡的虫体则会诱发机体产生明显的病理免疫反应,引起内脏幼虫移行症(visceral larva migrans,VLM)、眼睛幼虫移行症(ocular larvemigrans,OLM)、神经弓首蛔虫病(neurological toxocariasis,NT)和隐性弓首蛔虫病(covert toxocariasis,CT)等,造成严重的病理综合征[2-3].
黏蛋白(mucins,MUC)是一类由黏多糖组成的高分子量糖蛋白,主要存在于上皮组织中,具有PTS结构域,即含有丰富的丝氨酸(serine,P)、苏氨酸(threonine,T)和脯氨酸(proline,S)残基,这些残基都是高度氧糖基化,N端和C端富含天冬酰胺和半胱氨酸.黏蛋白在细胞黏附、分化、免疫应答、肿瘤形成以及细胞信号传导过程中具有多样化的生物学功能[4].黏蛋白可分为分泌型黏蛋白和膜结合黏蛋白,分泌型黏蛋白(如MUC-2,MUC-5AC,MUC-5B)被包装成分泌物进入囊泡参与胞内信号转导;膜结合黏蛋白的羧基末端具有一个跨膜结构域,能将自身连接到质膜(Plasma membrane)(如MUC-1,MUC-3,MUC-4,MUC-16,MUC-17),促进细胞—细胞/蛋白质—蛋白质结合,以及信号转导和蛋白质稳定[5].
在哺乳动物组织中,黏蛋白为上皮表面提供黏性和物理保护,并携带大量对细胞运输和黏附起作用的聚糖[6].黏蛋白1(MUC-1)是黏蛋白家族的重要成员,起着识别细胞、保护细胞以及维持黏性等作用[7]. Tc-MUC-1是犬弓首蛔虫感染性幼虫分泌的一系列糖蛋白中的一种,参与机体免疫,对宿主免疫逃避发挥重要作用[8].目前,国内外对Tc-MUC-1研究较少,本研究拟对犬弓首蛔虫黏蛋白1全长基因(Tc-muc-1)进行克隆及序列分析,以期为Tc-MUC-1的功能研究奠定基础.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the MUC-1 Gene of Toxocara canis
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摘要: 为研究犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis,T.canis)黏蛋白1基因(Tc-MUC-1)的分子特征,该试验根据犬弓首蛔虫基因组数据库中的Tc-MUC-1基因序列设计引物,通过PCR技术克隆Tc-MUC-1全长基因,并进行多重序列比对和种系发育进化树分析.结果发现该基因全长为531 bp,编码176个氨基酸.功能结构域分析发现Tc-MUC-1蛋白包含1个由11个STSSSSA重复序列构成的Mucin结构域和2个ShKT结构域;GO分析显示具有蛋白质结合和金属离子结合功能;多重序列比对发现Tc-MUC-1与T.canis的其余4个黏蛋白(Tc-MUC-2-Tc-MUC-5)均含有2个由36个氨基酸组成的ShKT结构域;种系发育进化树分析显示Tc-MUC-1与双胃线虫(Pristionchus pacificus;GenBank No.PDM76930)和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans;GenBank No.NP491509)进化关系较近.Abstract: To study the molecular characteristics of the muc-1 gene in Toxocara canis, the full-length coding sequencing of Tc-muc-1 was amplified using PCR amplification, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) was made and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that the entire sequence of Tc-MUC-1 gene was 531 bp in length, encoding a protein of 176 amino acids. In functional domains analysis, Tc-MUC-1 was found to contain one mucin domain consisting of 11 STSSSSA repeats and two ShKT domains. Gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that Tc-MUC-1 had the molecular function of protein binding and metal ion binding. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that Tc-MUC-1 and the other four mucins (Tc-MUC-2 to Tc-MUC-5) of T. canis all contained two ShKT domains composed of 36 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tc-MUC-1 shared the highest levels of amino-acid sequence similarity with Pristionchus pacificus (Pristionchus pacificus; No. PDM76930) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Caenorhabditis elegans; No. NP491509). In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for further functional researches on Tc-MUC-1.
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Key words:
- Toxocara canis /
- MUC-1 gene /
- cloning /
- sequence analysis .
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