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当前,一些高职院校在人才培养中存在认识不充分、落实不到位、课程设置不合理,高校教师创新引导能力不足等问题.从文化育人的角度来审视高职院校人才培养,并以此为切入点寻求高职院校艺术课程改革,构建能够激发学生学习内生动力的创新型人才培养模式,是一种有益的探索.
具身认知(Embodied cognition)是心理学一个新兴的研究领域,该理论指出生理体验与心理状态之间有着强烈的联系,主张认知情景化,强调认知的形成与人的感觉运动系统有着直接的关联,认知、身体和环境是一个整体[1-2].我们的身体嵌入自然与社会文化环境,与环境相互作用,而文化背景对其中个体的思维、行为和对待自然的态度等都具有重大影响[3].具身认知理论启发我们在少数民族白马藏族的文化传承活动中去观察、分析其传统习俗及艺术表达方式,探索其蕴含的文化价值、艺术价值和教育价值,从而促进白马藏族文化的保护、传承与发展.白马藏族文化用具身演绎的叙事方式,潜移默化地影响着白马人的思维、语言和行为习惯,塑造着其个体的自我概念、情绪与行为方式[4].我们对白马藏族技艺的学习和研究应充分了解白马藏族文化形成的背景,找寻白马藏族文化融入高职院校人才培养的切入点,并探寻其独特性和其中蕴含着的教育价值[5-6].
四川幼儿师范高等专科学校毗邻四川省平武县白马藏区,10多年前开始对白马藏族文化中的艺术特色进行系统性的研究与探索,深入开展了高职院校艺术类课程的教学与人才培养改革.本文对该校基于白马藏族文化融入高职院校教育教学的实践探索进行了梳理.
On Practical Exploration of Integration of Baima Tibetan Culture into Higher Vocational Education——From the perspective of embodied cognitive theory
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摘要: 白马藏族文化以某种“具身”的艺术叙事方式代际相传,塑造个体的民族认知方式与概念的形成.从具身认知理论的视角去观察,高职院校将地域文化元素融入学校艺术教育教学之中,让学生在浓郁的认知情景中学习,亲身体验特色鲜明的民族技艺,将传统课堂转变为以操作性为主的体验课堂,充分发挥具身认知的涉身性特点,调整创新人才培养方式,实施多样化、互动式教学方式,注重激发学生内生动力.该文以白马藏族文化为研究对象,基于具身认知理论对白马藏族文化融入高职教育教学实践进行分析,主要包括创新构建实践教学体系及一核两翼课程实践,并通过分层回归等方法,检验了课程的有效性,以期为白马藏族文化的传承和高职实践教学体系提供支持和帮助.Abstract: The theory of embodied cognition holds that there is a strong connection between physical experience and mental state. Cognition, body and environment are an unified whole. It advocates Situational Cognition and emphasizes the integration of body and mind. Baima Tibetan culture is passed down from generation to generation in a kind of "embodied" artistic narrative mode, shaping the formation of individual national cognitive mode and concept. From the perspective of embodied cognitive theory, higher vocational colleges integrate regional cultural elements into school art education and teaching, so that students can learn in a rich cognitive situation, experience the distinctive national skills. The traditional classroom can transform into an operational experience classroom, give full play to the personal characteristics of personal cognition, innovate personnel training methods, implement diversified and interactive teaching methods, and focus on stimulating learning Endogenous motivation. In this paper, Baima Tibetan culture has been taken as the research object, the integration of Baima Tibetan culture has been analyzed into the teaching practice of higher vocational education based on the theory of embodied cognition, mainly including the innovation of the construction of practical teaching system and the practice of one core and two wings courses, and tests the effectiveness of the courses by means of hierarchical regression, in order to provide support and help for the inheritance of Baima Tibetan culture and the practical teaching system of higher vocational education.
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Key words:
- embodied cognition /
- Baima Tibetan culture /
- teaching system /
- personnel training .
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表 1 不同组别学生行为的差异性检验
作品评价 平均数±标准差(M±SD) t 效果自评 白马藏族班级 6.60±0.57 55.81*** 普通班级 3.42±0.97 练习次数(学习动机) 白马藏族班级 5.10±1.17 4.32*** 普通班级 4.75±1.01 注:***表示p < 0.001水平差异具有统计学意义. -
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