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随着重金属污染物在水域生态系统中的富集现象越来越严重,水生生物及生化指标作为检测重金属对水体污染程度的研究成为近年来水域生态学和国际环境科学研究领域的热点问题之一[1].锌(Zinc,Zn)为生理所必需的微量元素,是机体酶的辅基和维生素等重要的组成成分,适度的摄入有助于提高水生生物的生长、繁殖,增强免疫力及抗病能力[2].但当水体受到污染或机体过度摄入Zn元素,水生生物将产生氧化应激反应,从而破坏生物体的抗氧化酶防御系统,进而导致生物体产生不良的生理反应,甚至死亡[3].因此,对于水生生物抗氧化系统在重金属锌胁迫下的研究,既丰富了水生动物的生理资料,又为健康水生动物养殖提供了可靠的科学依据,同时也可间接地反映水环境中氧化污染物的存在,对灵敏地监测生态污染指标有着重要的意义[4].
大型溞Daphnia magna在水域态系统中广泛分布,具有生活周期短、繁殖快、易于在实验室培养、对毒物敏感、经济简便等优点,加之其在水域生态系统中的重要性,已经被广泛用于各种水质毒性评估和水生生物毒性试验[5],是国际标准组织(ISO)公认的检测水质标准实验的生物之一.
目前关于重金属锌对水生动物急性毒性实验的报道较多[6-7],对大型溞毒性试验也有相关报道[8-9],但从毒性试验角度出发进而观察机体内过氧化氢酶(Catlase from micrococcus lysodeikticus,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)的变化,在建鲤幼鱼Cyprinuscarpio var.Jian,凡纳滨对虾Litopenae usvannamei,中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards等动物中有过报道[10-12],尚未见到重金属锌(Zinc,Zn)对大型溞有关酶活性影响的报道.为此,本文旨在以大型溞为受试生物,通过急性实验得出其半致死浓度LC50,并以LC50作为参考,设置不同质量浓度对其超氧化物歧化酶的研究,为大型溞毒性检测中的抗氧化指标提供参考和积累基础资料.
Effects of Heavy Metal Zinc on SOD and CAT Activities and GSH Content of Daphnia magna
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摘要: 研究了重金属锌对大型溞Daphnia magna的急性毒性,并以大型溞24 h半致死浓度(24 h-LC50)作为参考,设定不同水平(0.2 mg/L,0.31 mg/L,0.5 mg/L,0.79 mg/L,1.26 mg/L,2 mg/L,3.2 mg/L)Zn2+对大型溞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果表明:Zn2+对大型溞的24 h-LC50为0.75 mg/L,LC95为15.63 mg/L,95%置信限为0.55~1.04 mg/L;SOD和CAT活性都随Zn2+质量浓度增大先升后降,且均在同一Zn2+质量浓度(0.79 mg/L)时酶活性最高,其值分别为(1 232.4±43.01) U/mg和(106.5±2.65) U/mg;而GSH含量则随Zn2+质量浓度增大表现为先降后升,且Zn2+为0.31 mg/L时GSH含量最低,其值为(35.6±9.31) U/mg.结论:在Zn2+的诱导下,大型溞体内SOD和CAT活性及以GSH为底物的酶很好地表达了抛物线型剂量-效应关系,可作为锌对大型溞毒性影响的生物标志物.Abstract: In an experiment reported in this paper, the acute toxicity of heavy metal zinc (Zn2+) on Daphnia magna was investigated. With the 24-h median lethal concentration (24 h-LC50) of D. magna as a reference concentration, the species was treated with different levels of Zn2+ (0.2, 0.31, 0.5, 0.79, 1.26, 2 and 3.2 mg/L) and its SOD and CAT activities and GSH (glutathione) content were determined. The results showed that the 24-h-LC50 of Zn2+ on D. magna was 0.75 mg/L, LC95 was 15.63 mg/L, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.55 ~ 1.04 mg/L. With an increase in Zn2+ concentration, SOD and CAT activities first increased and then decreased, being the highest (1 232.4±43.01 U/mg for SOD and 106.5±2.65 U/mg for CAT) at Zn2+ 0.79 mg/L. In contrast, GSH content first decreased and then increased with increasing Zn2+ concentration, and reached the lowest value (35.6±9.31 U/mg) at Zn2+ 0.31 mg/L. In conclusion, the observed changes in the activities of SOD and CAT and GSH content under the induction of Zn2+ for D. magna suggest a good parabolic dose-response relationship, which can be used as biomarkers of toxicity effects of zinc on D. magna.
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Key words:
- Zn2+ /
- Daphnia magna /
- toxicity test /
- CAT /
- SOD /
- GSH .
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表 1 Zn2+对大型溞急性毒性试验的死亡率
Zn2+质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 试验溞数/只 死亡溞数/只 死亡率/% 校正死亡率/% 校正死亡率机率值 对照 60 0 0 - - 0.2 60 14.00±3.27a 23.33 0.233 3 4.272 1 0.31 60 18.50±1.87b 30.83 0.308 3 4.499 4 0.5 60 25.50±2.17c 42.50 0.425 0 4.810 9 0.79 60 31.00±2.83d 51.67 0.516 7 5.041 8 1.26 60 36.00±1.52e 60.00 0.600 0 5.253 3 2 60 48.00±2.03f 80.00 0.800 0 5.841 6 3.2 60 60 100.00 1.000 0 - -
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