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草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda),又名秋黏虫、行军虫,起源于美洲,被联合国粮农组织称为“全球重大跨国迁飞性农业害虫”,对农作物的危害极大[1].其食谱广泛,主要包括禾本科、菊科和豆科植物,草地贪夜蛾幼虫喜食玉米、水稻和甘蔗等农作物,且主要啃食作物的幼嫩部分,具有严重的危害性.自2019年1月由东南亚入侵我国云南、广西以来,草地贪夜蛾随着温度的增加以及农作物的丰富逐渐向全国大面积迁飞,目前已迁飞至河南、山东等地区,对我国农作物产区存在着巨大的威胁. 2019年5月已在重庆的巫山、巫溪、云阳、北碚和潼南等地区发现有草地贪夜蛾出现并有迁飞的趋势,入侵到重庆的草地贪夜蛾对当地的玉米生产造成了严重影响(图 1).
草地贪夜蛾幼虫头部均具有“Y”字纹,尾部有4个呈正方形排列的黑点,幼虫期与其他亲缘关系较近的鳞翅目昆虫有较为明显的差别[2].野外采集的草地贪夜蛾主要分为“玉米型”(corn-strain)和“水稻型”(rice-strain)两个亚群体[3],这两种基因亚型无法从形态学上分辨,但它们在生理特征、行为特征和取食倾向上有着较大差别[4-5].此外,这两个基因型相互之间可以交配,产生杂合子[6].其亚型可根据目前最常用于鉴定草地贪夜蛾的分子条形码,基于线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因(cytochrome c oxidase subunit I,COI)和Z染色体上编码磷酸甘油醛异构酶基因(triose phosphate isomerase,Tpi)进行鉴定区分[7-12].本研究通过比较分析上述两个基因,鉴定了入侵重庆地区的草地贪夜蛾群体亚型,为开展防控以及分析草地贪夜蛾种群差异相关工作提供理论基础,对掌握侵入重庆市的草地贪夜蛾的遗传信息和制定相应的防治策略有重要意义.
Biotype Identification of the Population of Spodoptera frugiperda That Migrated to Chongqing Area
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摘要: 草地贪夜蛾是一种跨国迁飞性农业重大害虫,目前已在重庆的巫山、巫溪、云阳、北碚、潼南等地区出现并有迁飞的趋势.利用两个分子标记基因COI和Tpi对重庆地区采集的样本进行遗传特征比较,结果表明COI基因的亚型全为"水稻型",而Tpi基因的亚型既有"水稻型"又有"玉米型",说明入侵到重庆地区的草地贪夜蛾来源可能并不单一,暗示了重庆地区的草地贪夜蛾有可能存在分化为"水稻型"的风险.分析了入侵重庆地区的草地贪夜蛾相关的遗传特征,其结果不仅有助于认识草地贪夜蛾在中国大面积迁飞过程中发生的种群差异变化,也有利于农业部门根据重庆地区的地理环境属性,开展有针对性的监测防控工作.Abstract: Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the most important agricultural pests, which has a great flight capacity. This insect pest is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, but recently it has been detected in Wushan, Wuxi, Yunyang, Beibei, Tongnan and other areas of Chongqing. It prefers corn, but can feed on more than 80 additional species of plants, including rice, sorghum and others. In an experiment reported herein, we compared the genetic characteristics of the pest samples collected from Chongqing by using two molecular marker genes (COI and Tpi). The results showed that all the samples belonged to Rice-strain when COI was used as the marker, and both Corn-strain and Rice-strain were present when Tpi was used as the marker, which suggested that the source of S. frugiperda might be variable, and that there is a potential risk of S. frugiperda differentiating into Rice-strain. The analysis of the genetic characteristics of S. frugiperda in Chongqing is helpful to working out corresponding prevention and control measures in combination with the geographical and environmental features in Chongqing, and sheds more light on the understanding of the population differences during the large-scale migration and flight of S. frugiperda in China.
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Key words:
- Chongqing area /
- fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) /
- haplotype /
- rice-strain /
- corn-strain .
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