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番茄是我国重要的大宗蔬菜之一,其较高的营养价值和经济价值使得番茄的种植面积和复种指数不断增加[1].日光温室番茄的主要种植形式分为春秋茬(早春茬和秋冬茬)和越冬茬[2].其中,秋冬茬和越冬茬的育苗期和苗期正处于高温干燥条件,此环境有利于黄化曲叶病毒在传播媒介烟粉虱体内的增殖和传播,有利于根结线虫和叶霉病病菌的繁殖[3-5].黄化曲叶病毒主要由烟粉虱进行传播,传播快,为害严重,对番茄品质和产量造成了严重的影响[6].黄化曲叶病毒病自20世纪60年代被报道,90年代传入中国,并逐渐自南向北为害中国番茄生产,给我国番茄产业带来了巨大的影响[7]. 2009年,河北省在邯郸、邢台、石家庄、衡水等地发现了番茄黄化曲叶病[8],目前已广泛分布于陕西、广西、上海、安徽、河北、山东、河南等20多个省(区、市)的设施蔬菜产区,对中国番茄产业的可持续发展构成严重威胁[9].根结线虫病是一种常见的为害番茄生产的极难防治的土传病害,其寄主广泛,可造成作物减产,甚至导致绝产,容易引发枯萎病等其他土传病害[10]. 2006年,南方根结线虫已遍及河北省的11个地级市[11].解决以上对番茄产量和品质影响较大病害的最为直接有效的方法是选用含有多个抗性基因的番茄品种.近年来,本团队在番茄耐贮运、硬度及可溶性固形物等品质方面的研究较为集中[12-14].在本试验中,主要针对秋冬茬所种植的14个番茄品种的抗病及植株、果实等性状进行初步统计,即运用分子生物学技术,检测生产上应用较多的番茄抗病基因Ty-1,Ty-2,Ty-3[15],根结线虫抗病基因Mi-1[10]及叶霉病抗性基因Cf-9[16],结合其在秋茬的田间表现以及其他的一些性状的调查结果,比较各材料的综合条件,筛选出适合河北省日光温室秋冬茬多抗、优良的番茄品种.
Comparison Test of Multi-Resistant and High-Quality Tomato Cultivars in a Solar Greenhouse During Autumn and Winter Cultivation
- Received Date: 24/04/2018
- Available Online: 20/05/2019
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Key words:
- tomato /
- yellow leaf curl virus /
- root-knot nematode disease /
- leaf mould /
- detection of resistance genes
Abstract: In this study, 14 tomato varieties were used to evaluate their resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), leaf mould and root-knot nematode by natural incidence in a solar greenhouse, and TYLCV-resistance genes Ty-1, Ty-2, and Ty-3, root knot nematode resistance gene Mi-1 and tomato leaf mould resistance gene Cf-9 in them were detected with PCR. According to molecular detection, all the 14 varieties contained TYLCV-resistance gene(s), Mi-1 and Cf-9. Of them, 2 contained 5 resistance genes, 8 contained 4 resistance genes, and 4 contained 3 resistance genes. In a field resistance survey, no significant TYLCV, leaf mould or root-knot nematode was detected. In addition, 13 agronomical characters of the varieties were investigated and analyzed. Based on their comprehensive disease resistance and field performance, the varieties 14, 21, and Jinpeng8B were identified as highly disease-resistant, with the potentials of vigorous growth and high yield, and were recommended for planting in autumn and winter in solar greenhouses.