摘要:
全面评估重庆市黔江植烟区土壤肥力现状,有助于了解烟田土壤营养指标是否失衡,为烟农提供针对性的施肥建议,避免烟草发生系统性的生理病害.本研究于2021年下半年围绕植烟区3个基地单元(17个乡镇43个村庄)采集210个土壤样品,开展土壤理化指标测定,指标涉及pH值、有机质、氮、磷、钾等16项指标.结果表明,黔江植烟区土壤酸碱度整体适宜、有机质含量较高、氮素与氯离子水平处于合理区间;有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼等指标整体偏高,烟株存在中毒风险,建议适当调低肥料配方中的磷、钾、铁、锰、锌、硼和钼占比;交换性镁、交换性钙整体偏低,烟株存在发生系统性生理病害风险,建议适当提高钙、镁肥用量;有效铜近一半区域偏高,有效硫近一半区域偏低,建议因地制宜调整施肥种类及用量.综上所述,黔江烟区土壤整体肥沃,非常适宜种植烟草.由于烟草连作,导致土壤某些元素失衡,可通过作物轮作或适当调整基肥方案,有效缓解土壤理化指标失衡的现状,提升烟叶质量,保障黔江植烟区高质量发展.
关键词:
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黔江
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施肥
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土壤理化指标
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烤烟
Abstract:
In order to evaluate whether soil nutrient indexes in tobacco fields are unbalanced in Qianjiang tobacco area, 210 soil samples were collected from 43 villages in Qianjiang, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined, including pH, and contents ofavailable N, available P, available K, water-soluble Cl, and exchangeable Ca and Mg in soil. The results showed that pH value was suitable, organic matter content was high, N and Cl were in a suitable range. The indexes of available P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, boron and molybdenum were generally high. It was suggested to appropriately reduce the proportion of P, K, Fe, Zn, boron and molybdenum in future. Exchangeable Mg and Ca were generally low. It is suggested to appropriately increase the amount of Ca and Mg fertilizer. In nearly half of the area, available copper is high, and available sulfur is low. In conclusion, the soil in Qianjiang tobacco-growing area is fertile and suitable for tobacco planting. Continuous cropping of tobacco led to the imbalance of some soil index. Crop rotation or appropriate adjustment of base fertilization program can effectively alleviate the imbalance of soil indexes, improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and ensure the high-quality development of Qianjiang tobacco production.
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