我国驯鹿 Rangifer tarandus 的种群分布、数量及致危原因
Current Distribution,Population Trends and Causes of Decline of Reindeer in China
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摘要: 2012年7月至2013年8月间，在大兴安岭对我国驯鹿 Rangi f er tarandus开展了野外调查，以确定其分布及种群数量波动，并分析其致危原因．结果表明：我国驯鹿仅分布于大兴安岭西北麓的内蒙古根河地区（E 121°11′－122°25′，N 50°42′－51°50′），其分布区与我国鄂温克族聚居区完全重叠．我国现存驯鹿种群718头，分布于12个彼此隔离的种群，各驯鹿种群数量分布极不均匀，每个种群由9～240头驯鹿组成，大部分种群呈典型小种群状态，其平均种群大小仅为59.83头（±18.42， n＝12）；驯鹿分布生境的海拔区间为700～926 m ，平均海拔为813.67 m （±21.72 m ， n＝12）；小种群及相关的近交衰退、生境丧失及适宜性下降、管理政策不合理、高强度的生态旅游和盗猎及天敌捕杀是制约我国驯鹿种群发展的主要因素．Abstract: The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is an endangered species distributed in the sub‐arctic region in the northeastern part of China .To determine the current status of the population and the distribution pat‐terns of reindeer ,this study was conducted in the Great Xing’Anling of China during July 2012 to August 2013 .The results showed that the reindeer in China only occurs in Genhe area of Inner Mongolia (E 121° 11′-122°25′,N 50°42′-51°50′) ,where has been the dwelling region of Ewenki people .There were 718 reindeer in 12 populations in 2013 with the population range from 9 to 240 and the average population size of 59.83 ( ± 18.42 ,n=12) ,which indicated that the most reindeer populations in China were small popula‐tions .The preferred habitats of reindeer locates from 700 to 926 m with the average of 813.67 m (± 21.72 , n=12) .Small populations and the related inbreeding ,habitat loss and degradation ,management policy ,in‐tensive tourism and poaching and the predation have been the main factors influencing the population increase of reindeer in China .
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