Green Technology Scheme of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Prevention and Control Based on Microecological Regulation
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摘要: 青枯病防控一直是茄科作物生产中的重要难题,探究绿色、高效、经济的青枯病防控技术具有重要的实践意义.本研究针对重庆市彭水县烟草青枯病发生严重、损失巨大的实际问题,在长期研究和实践的基础上,集成基于微生态调控的烟草青枯病绿色防控技术体系,根据发病情况和烟株长势,恰当运用土壤调酸、拮抗菌剂基质拌菌、有机肥拌菌、抗性诱导、精准用药、中微量元素补充等技术,并系统评价了技术体系应用后对烟草青枯病的控制效果以及烤烟产质量的影响.结果表明,经过处理后显著促进了烤烟的生长发育,团棵期处理区烟株的株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽和叶面积分别较非处理区提升了10.07%, 6.92%, 11.13%, 13.97%和20.96%.此外,处理区内青枯病发病情况始终轻于非处理区,发病高峰期时,处理区相对防效达到了61.46%,末次调查时处理区和非处理区均处于烟叶采收末期,此时处理区相对防效为45.47%.对经济效益进行分析,非处理区每667 m2烟叶的产量为116.85 kg,产值为3 312.04元,均价为28.34元/kg;处理区每667 m2的烟叶产量为127.12 kg,产值为3 723.25元,均价为29.28元/kg,与非处理区相比,每667 m2增收了411.21元,且烟叶均价提升了0.94元/kg.通过多年的示范应用,证实了该项技术体系能够显著降低青枯病的发生,可提升烟叶的产质量,在今后的烟草青枯病防治中有重要的应用前景.Abstract: The prevention and control of bacterial wilt of Solanaceae crops has always been an important problem in production. It is of great practical significance to explore green, efficient and economical bacterial wilt prevention and control technology. Aiming at the actual problem of serious tobacco bacterial wilt occurrence and huge loss in Pengshui County, Chongqing, this program integrates the green tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control technology system based on micro-ecological regulation on the basis of long-term research and practice. According to the incidence and tobacco plant growth, the soil acid regulation, antagonistic agent substrate mix with bacteria, organic fertilizer mix with bacteria, resistance induction, precise chemical application, medium and trace elements supplement were properly applied, and the effect of application of technology system on tobacco bacterial wilt control and flue-cured tobacco production quality was systematically evaluated. The results showed that the plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and leaf area in the treated areas were significantly increased by 10.07%, 6.92%, 11.13%, 13.97% and 20.96%, respectively, compared with those in the non-treated area. In addition, the incidence of bacterial wilt in the treated areas was always lower than that in the non-treated area. At the peak of the incidence, the relative control efficiency in the treated area reached 61.46%. At the last survey, both the treated area and the non-treated area were at the end of tobacco harvest, and the relative control efficiency in the treated area was 45.47%. The analysis of economic benefits showed that the tobacco yield in non-treated area was 116.85 kg, the output value was 3 312.04 yuan, and the average price was 28.34 yuan/kg every 667 m2. The tobacco yield in the treated area was 127.12 kg, the output value was 3 723.25 yuan, and the average price was 29.28 yuan/kg. Compared with the non-treated area, the income increased by 411.21 yuan, and the average price of tobacco increased by 0.94 yuan/kg every 667 m2. Through years of demonstration and application, it has been proved that this technology system can significantly reduce the occurrence of bacterial wilt and improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. It will have an important application prospect in the future on tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control.
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