Message Board

Dear readers, authors and reviewers,you can add a message on this page. We will reply to you as soon as possible!

2018 Volume 40 Issue 5
Article Contents

Qing-hua WANG, Qing-fang XU, Qian-yong LI, et al. DEA1.1 Blood Type Identification and Survey of Chinese Garden Dog[J]. Journal of Southwest University Natural Science Edition, 2018, 40(5): 13-17. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2018.05.003
Citation: Qing-hua WANG, Qing-fang XU, Qian-yong LI, et al. DEA1.1 Blood Type Identification and Survey of Chinese Garden Dog[J]. Journal of Southwest University Natural Science Edition, 2018, 40(5): 13-17. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2018.05.003

DEA1.1 Blood Type Identification and Survey of Chinese Garden Dog

More Information
  • Received Date: 02/06/2017
    Available Online: 20/05/2018
  • MSC: S829.2

  • Clinically, DEA1.1 (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) blood type is the most common and immunogenic blood type, and its investigation and study have attracted much attention of the researchers in the developed countries. However, few studies have been reported on DEA1.1 blood type of Chinese native dogs. In this study, a total of 236 native Chinese garden dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) were investigated about their DEA1.1 blood type by the blood type test card and the DEA1.1 antibody method. The results showed that 54.2% of the Chinese garden dogs were DEA1.1+ (128/236), and 45.8%were DEA1.1- (108/236). Compared with their male counterparts (48.1%), the female Chinese garden dogs had higher positive rate of DEA1.1 (67.1%). In conclusion, due to the importance of DEA1.1 blood type in transfusion and its low prevalence in male Chinese garden dogs, the male Chinese garden dogs are recommended to be used as blood donors in an emergency, and the DEA1.1 blood type should be identified before transfusion.
  • 加载中
  • [1] 宋永一.犬的输血方法及其应用[J].养殖技术顾问, 2013(3): 70-71.

    Google Scholar

    [2] 丁晓麟, 温海, 贺星亮, 等.犬血型与安全输血研究进展[J].江西农业学报, 2011, 23(1): 159-163.

    Google Scholar

    [3] HALE A S. Canine Blood-Groups and Their Importance in Veterinary Transfusion Medicine[J]. Vet Clin N Am-Small, 1995, 25(6): 1323-1332. doi: 10.1016/S0195-5616(95)50157-3

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [4] HOHENHAUS A E. Importance of Blood Groups and Blood Group Antibodies in Companion Animals[J]. Transfus Med Rev, 2004, 18(2): 117-126. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2003.12.003

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [5] GIGER U, GELENS C J, CALLAN M B, et al. An Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction Caused by Dog Erythrocyte Antigen 1.1 Incompatibility in a Previously Sensitized Dog[J]. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1995, 206(9): 1358-1362.

    Google Scholar

    [6] HOHENHAUS A E. Importance of Blood Groups and Blood Group Antibodies in Companion Animals[J]. Transfus Med Rev, 2004, 18(2): 117-126. doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2003.12.003

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [7] BOUQUET Y. The Blood Groups of Domestic Animals[J]. Revue Francaise de Transfusion, 1969, 12(1): 165-194. doi: 10.1016/S0035-2977(69)80021-0

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [8] 利凯, 夏兆飞, 田海燕.犬的血型与输血疗法[J].中国兽医杂志, 2002, 38(9): 42-43.

    Google Scholar

    [9] GIGER U, STIEGER K, PALOS H. Comparison of Various Canine Blood-Typing Methods[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2005, 66(8): 1386-1392. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.issue-8

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [10] SETH M, JACKSON K V, WINZELBERG S, et al. Comparison of Gel Column, Card, and Cartridge Techniques for Dog Erythrocyte Antigen 1.1 Blood Typing[J]. Am J Vet Res, 2012, 73(2): 213-219. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.2.213

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [11] KOHN B, CLASSE G, WEINGART C. Clinical Evaluation of the QuickVet/RapidVet Canine Dog Erythrocyte Antigen 1.1 Blood-Typing Test[J]. J Vet Diagn Invest, Inc, 2012, 24(3): 539-545. doi: 10.1177/1040638712442880

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [12] 王江豪, 李思远, 秦建辉, 等.输血疗法在犬病临床上的应用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医(下半月), 2014(10): 48-51.

    Google Scholar

    [13] YAMAKAWA T, SUZUKI A, HASHIMOTO Y. Genetic-Control of Glycolipid Expression[J]. Chem Phys Lipids, 1986, 42(1/3): 75-90.

    Google Scholar

    [14] TOCCI L J. Transfusion Medicine in Small Animal Practice[J]. Vet Clin N Am-Small, 2010, 40(3): 485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.02.005

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [15] BLOIS S L, RICHARDSON D M, ABRAMS-OGG A C. Comparison of a Gel Column Blood Typing Method and a Point-of-Care Cartridge for Dog Erythrocyte Antigen 1.1[J]. J Vet Emerg Crit Car, 2013, 23(3): 340-343. doi: 10.1111/vec.2013.23.issue-3

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [16] ARIKAN S, GUZEL M, MAMAK N, et al. Frequency of Blood Types DEA 1.1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Kangal Dog[J]. Rev Med Vet-Toulouse, 2009, 160(4): 180-183.

    Google Scholar

    [17] ESTEVES V S, LACERDA L D, LASTA C S, et al. Frequencies of DEA Blood Types in a Purebred Canine Blood Donor Population in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil[J]. Pesquisa Vet Brasil, 2011, 31(2): 178-181. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2011000200015

    CrossRef Google Scholar

    [18] HALE A S, WERFELMANN J, LEMMONS M, et al. An Evaluation of 9570 Dogs by Breed and Dog Erythrocyte Antigen Typing[J]. J Vet Intern Med, 2008, 22(3): 740.

    Google Scholar

    [19] 杜国浩, 李华涛, 李守军.犬红细胞抗原1. 1血型多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定[J].中国兽医杂志, 2014, 50(10): 62-64.

    Google Scholar

  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(2)  /  Tables(1)

Article Metrics

Article views(2823) PDF downloads(332) Cited by(0)

Access History

DEA1.1 Blood Type Identification and Survey of Chinese Garden Dog

Abstract: Clinically, DEA1.1 (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) blood type is the most common and immunogenic blood type, and its investigation and study have attracted much attention of the researchers in the developed countries. However, few studies have been reported on DEA1.1 blood type of Chinese native dogs. In this study, a total of 236 native Chinese garden dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) were investigated about their DEA1.1 blood type by the blood type test card and the DEA1.1 antibody method. The results showed that 54.2% of the Chinese garden dogs were DEA1.1+ (128/236), and 45.8%were DEA1.1- (108/236). Compared with their male counterparts (48.1%), the female Chinese garden dogs had higher positive rate of DEA1.1 (67.1%). In conclusion, due to the importance of DEA1.1 blood type in transfusion and its low prevalence in male Chinese garden dogs, the male Chinese garden dogs are recommended to be used as blood donors in an emergency, and the DEA1.1 blood type should be identified before transfusion.

  • 犬红细胞的细胞膜上具有特异性糖蛋白,这些表面蛋白是多态的,形成不同的犬血型,犬有8种主要血型抗原[1-2],其中犬DEA1.1血型抗原最具有免疫原性,因此DEA 1.1血型是临床上最容易引起输血反应的血型[3-4].有文献报道当抗原性强的DEA1.1+红细胞在不恰当输血情况下将会触发DEA1.1-犬的免疫反应,出现以发热、色素尿和昏睡为特征的症状[5]. 20世纪60年代使用多克隆抗体进行的研究发现DEA1血型系统含有3个等位基因,根据其基因显性程度从大到小排序为DEA1.1>1.2>1.3,这3种红细胞的抗原性均强于DEA1-[6-7]. DEA 1.2常见于野犬中,而在家犬中却少见,而DEA1.3只发现于澳洲,往往只出现于牧羊犬[6].因此,DEA1.1血型在临床上最重要,是输血前必须检查的项目之一[8].

    目前在国际上DEA1.1血型检测的方法已经出现,如柱凝胶检测血型法、卡片检测血型法和免疫色谱柱法等[9-10].经过实验发现柱凝胶检测血型法虽然具有100%准确的特点,但该方法需要非常专业的离心机来配合凝胶柱,导致一般的基层医疗单位不能使用此方法检测血型,该方法不宜进行商业推广[9].免疫色谱柱法虽然具有100%特异性,但准确率只有93%[10].相比较而言,由于血型鉴定卡法使用简单,容易携带,目前应用广泛[11],但其易受天气环境等因素影响,准确性还需要进步一步确认.

    国内血型检测比较落后,采血和输血还处于“现采现用”冒有巨大输血反应风险的阶段[12].一些动物医疗单位使用未知血型的进口犬作为供血犬,而没有充分利用具有丰富资源适应性强的本地犬种,导致资源错配和浪费.虽然同为亚洲犬种,日本对本地犬(特别是日本柴犬)的研究利用情况明显好于中国[13].为了减少输血反应风险,一些动物医疗单位在寻找没有输血反应风险的“万能供血犬”.虽然目前国际上并没有“万能供血犬”的公认标准,但具有DEA1.1-特征是“万能供血犬”必备的条件之一[6, 9].到目前为止,还没有发现真正能“万能供血”的犬.

    为了减少动物医疗单位输血反应的风险,探讨中国本地犬种血型情况和作为献血犬来供血的可行性,本研究用血型鉴定卡法和抗体法调查本地犬DEA1.1血型的发生情况,有利于降低输血治疗的经济压力和社会压力,削弱医患矛盾发生的基础,也有利于充分挖掘利用丰富的本地犬资源,提高中国本地犬种的经济和社会价值.

1.   材料与方法
  • 犬DEA1.1 Quick Vet®/RapidVet血型鉴定卡购于美国DMS Laboratories公司;DEA1.1抗体购买于美国密歇根州立大学免疫实验室;Coombs试剂(抗犬球蛋白)购买于美国兽医研究与开发公司(VMRD公司).

  • 从2012年到2016年,共收集了236条中华田园犬的血样.为了防止麻醉剂导致的凝聚反应出现,采血检测血型之前不注射麻醉剂.采血方法是剪毛消毒后,在颈静脉处使用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝剂进行抗凝,真空采血管收集血液,4 ℃冷藏保存.

  • DEA1.1 Quick Vet®/RapidVet血型鉴定卡,根据使用说明书,取200 μL全血,滴入犬DEA1.1血型鉴定卡,用牙签搅拌,30°倾斜放置3 min,根据有无凝集现象判定待检犬的血型.

  • (1) 血型的检测

    将0.1 mL的DEA1.1抗体加入一滴至待测犬血液中,用牙签搅拌混匀,37 ℃孵育15 min.肉眼判断是否有凝集反应或者溶血反应.

    (2) 直接Coombs实验法鉴定微凝集反应

    对于上述步骤中没有反应的血样和轻微反应的血样进行直接Coombs法验证,以防漏检.方法是:将上述没有反应血样或轻微反应血样放入10倍体积的PBS洗涤,5 000 r/min离心20 s,弃去上清,如此反复洗涤3遍,加入等量的PBS和0.1 mL Coombs试剂,混合,在37 ℃孵育15 min,5 000 r/min离心20 s,显微镜下检查是否发生了凝集反应,如果发生了凝集反应则判定待检犬的血型为DEA1.1+,如果没有发生凝集反应则判定待检犬的血型为DEA1.1-.

  • 采用SPSS统计软件V.15.0进行数据分析.使用卡方检验来比较各组间DEA1.1血型的阳性率.

2.   结果
  • 加入DEA1.1抗体后,用牙签进行搅拌,1 min后发现DEA1.1+犬红细胞呈团块状聚集沉淀于底部,呈云雾状,周围有散在的小凝集块,上清液变得清澈(图 1a).而DEA1.1-犬红细胞没有明显变化,红细胞仍然分布均匀,没有凝集和溶血的现象(图 1b).

  • 对于肉眼观察血液凝集不明显的,加入Coombs试剂,然后使用显微镜观察,发现DEA1.1+犬红细胞凝集一起,红细胞间分不清界限,有沙粒状的小凝集颗粒出现(有些肉眼也可观察到)(图 2a). DEA1.1-犬红细胞而没有出现血液聚集反应,红细胞仍是均匀分散(图 2b).

  • 从2012年到2016年,收集了共236条中华田园犬血样,在收集过后随即使用上述2种方法进行DEA1.1血型调查.血型抗体法检测结果显示,DEA1.1总阳性率为54.2%(128/236).但雌性犬阳性率(67.1%)显著(p<0.05)高于DEA1.1雄性犬的阳性率(48.1%)(表 1).使用血型鉴定卡法对上述收集的犬血液样本进行血型鉴定,实验操作方法见实验步骤1.2.2,以达到对抗体法血型检测结果进行验证的目的,实验结果发现2个血型鉴定结果完全一致,重复率为100%.

3.   讨论
  • 为了减少输血不良反应和提高输注的红细胞存活时间,血型检测是西方发达国家兽医服务的重要组成部分,也是向畜主推荐检查的项目之一[14-15].由于DEA1.1血型具有强烈的免疫原性[6, 14],可以诱导DEA1.1-血型犬产生抗DEA1.1抗体,导致出现严重的输血反应[5].中华田园犬等本地犬广泛地分布于中华大地,数量多,范围大,可用资源丰富.本研究调查了本土中华田园犬DEA1.1+和DEA1.1-血型的占比情况,为丰富本地犬种的利用提供血型鉴定方法,为帮助基层动物医疗单位寻找有效的供血犬,降低输血反应风险做输血风险预测研究.此外,本研究也做了中华田园犬一些表型性状和发生率之间的关联分析,发现雌性的中华田园犬DEA1.1阳性率显著高于雄性犬(p<0.05).

    本研究发现抗体法检测犬血型时,有时会出现肉眼不易观察的凝集反应,因此采用直接Coombs实验来确认待测犬血型,从而确保抗体法鉴定血型的准确率,此方法较繁琐,但价格便宜.本研究使用血型鉴定卡法和抗体法测定血型,发现结果完全一致,相互印证,说明血型鉴定卡法和抗体法测血型准确率都很高,都能够用于犬血型的测定[11].用血型鉴定卡法测定犬血型方便快捷、结果准确,但价格相对较高,对于大量的犬血型调查,推荐使用抗体法检测犬血型.

    由于品种和地域不同会导致DEA1.1血型阳性率的差异,高DEA1.1阳性率将会导致不利的输血反应率升高[3, 16].本研究发现中华田园犬DEA1.1的阳性率为54.2%,远低于Ibizan猎犬(75%)[17],但比美国本地犬(42%)高[3, 18].本研究结果与在中国广州检测68份犬血样100%为DEA1.1阳性的调查结果不一致[19].中华田园犬DEA1.1阳性率较高的原因可能是由于中国本地犬大多不重视品种培育,来自不同地方的中华田园犬杂交繁殖严重,显性DEA1.1基因提高了DEA1.1的阳性率,本研究结果和国外杂种犬DEA1.1阳性率较高的结果一致[17].

    本研究首次阐述了中国本地犬种的DEA1.1发生率,为基层医疗单位输血和血库的建立做了输血反应风险预测研究.建议在输血治疗之前,供血犬和受血犬均需要进行DEA1.1血型检测.对于缺乏血型检测试剂和检测实验室的基层医疗单位,建议提前物色价廉物美的DEA1.1-本地犬(尤其是纯种的雄性中华田园犬)作为供血犬,在需要紧急输血时可以给未知血型的犬输血.

Figure (2)  Table (1) Reference (19)

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return