Survey of Epidemiology of Alimentary Canal Parasitosis of Dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing

Ce-yan KUANG; Ai-yun JIANG; Xiang-lan LI; Xiao-di YANG; Zhen-ni NIE; Shan LUO; Rong-qiong ZHOU

doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2018.05.004

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To understand the alimentary canal parasitic infections of dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for making measures of parasitic disease control, 209 faecal samples were randomly collected from dogs in six towns and sub-districts of Rongchang and examined with the direct smear method, the saturated sodium chloride flotation method and the sedimentation method. Five species of parasites were found, of which Toxocara canis had the highest infection rate (77.03%) and Ancylostoma braziliense the lowest infection rate (21.53%). The parasite infection rate was 98.68%, 79.17% and 68.85% for 1-6-month-old, 7-12-month-old and ≥one-year-old dogs, respectively. The infection rate was 96.55%, 89.65% and 59.38% for the native Chinese dogs, hybridization dogs and pet dogs, respectively. It is concluded from the above investigation that alimentary canal parasites are highly prevalent in dogs in Rongchang and enough attention should be given to their control.

Corresponding author: Rong-qiong ZHOU

Received Date: 05/05/2017

Available Online: 20/05/2018

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Abstract: To understand the alimentary canal parasitic infections of dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for making measures of parasitic disease control, 209 faecal samples were randomly collected from dogs in six towns and sub-districts of Rongchang and examined with the direct smear method, the saturated sodium chloride flotation method and the sedimentation method. Five species of parasites were found, of which Toxocara canis had the highest infection rate (77.03%) and Ancylostoma braziliense the lowest infection rate (21.53%). The parasite infection rate was 98.68%, 79.17% and 68.85% for 1-6-month-old, 7-12-month-old and ≥one-year-old dogs, respectively. The infection rate was 96.55%, 89.65% and 59.38% for the native Chinese dogs, hybridization dogs and pet dogs, respectively. It is concluded from the above investigation that alimentary canal parasites are highly prevalent in dogs in Rongchang and enough attention should be given to their control.

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犬寄生虫病是一类很普遍的疾病，各种寄生虫不仅危害犬的健康，而且有些寄生虫还对人体组织器官造成不同程度的病理损伤，引起严重的人畜共患病，直接危害人类健康^[1-3].犬感染寄生虫种类较多，尤其是肠道寄生虫^[4-6]，常引起犬消瘦、贫血、腹泻及生长发育受阻，严重者导致犬死亡.

消化道内寄生虫是犬最常见的病原，多数无临床症状，通常幼犬易感^[7-8].犬蛔虫、钩虫系土源性寄生虫，发育中不需要中间宿主参与，虫卵随犬粪便排出体外，需在外界适宜条件下发育到感染期被犬吞食而感染.犬复孔绦虫系生物源性寄生虫，发育需要中间宿主参与.其虫卵随粪便排至外界，被中间宿主蚤类吞食后，在蚤体内发育为似囊尾蚴，犬吞食蚤类而感染.此外，犬还是多种人畜共患病的传播者，如棘球绦虫的幼虫——棘球蚴能引起家畜死亡，不仅给畜牧业生产带来严重的经济损失，而且严重影响人类健康^[9].

为了解重庆市荣昌区犬消化道寄生虫的感染情况，笔者于2015-2016年对荣昌区6个街镇犬的消化道内寄生虫感染情况进行了调查，以期为该区犬寄生虫病的综合防治提供依据.

1. 材料与方法

1.1. 样品采集

随机选取不同品种和年龄的犬作为采样对象.对被检犬取刚排的新样粪便，分别装入干净的塑料袋中，标上编号、年龄标签，置于4 ℃冰箱备查.

1.2. 样品处理

1.2.1. 饱和盐水漂浮法

取5~10 g待检样本，用10 mL清水搅拌均匀，之后再加入40 mL清水搅拌均匀，用60目和150目网筛双层过滤，将滤液以3 000 r/min离心10 min，弃上清液，加入50 mL饱和食盐水用干净的玻璃棒搅拌均匀，再以1 500 r/min离心10 min，然后用金属圆环轻触表层液制片，在显微镜下观察.

1.2.2. 虫卵沉淀法

取5~10 g待检样本于烧杯中，加适量清水调匀，将其过滤于另一干净烧杯中，将滤液静置20 min后，弃上清液，再加入清水搅匀，再沉淀，如此反复进行2~3次，至上清液清亮为止.最后弃上清液，用滴管吸取少许沉渣于载玻片上，再加一滴清水涂匀，加盖玻片镜检.

1.2.3. 锦纶筛兜淘洗法

取待检样本5~10 g，加水搅匀，先通过40目或60目的网筛过滤；滤下液再通过260目锦纶筛兜过滤，并在锦纶筛兜中继续加水冲洗，直到洗出液体清澈透明为止；而后挑取锦纶筛兜内的粪渣抹片、镜检.

1.2.4. 数据分析

对不同年龄和品种犬的感染率采用X²检验进行分析，p＞0.05为差异性不具有统计学意义，p≤0.05为差异性具有统计学意义.

3. 讨论

1) 本次共调查了209只犬的粪便样本，结果发现重庆市荣昌区6个街镇犬感染消化道内寄生虫有5种，分别为犬弓首蛔虫、犬复孔绦虫、犬钩口线虫、巴西钩口线虫、等孢球虫；其中以犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩虫的感染较为普遍，且感染率较高.弓首蛔虫感染率高达77.03%，犬钩虫的感染率也达到了58.85%. Mircean等^[8]和Rodríguez-Vivas等^[10]报道罗马尼亚和墨西哥的犬钩虫感染率分别达到51.9%和73.8%，与犬放养和当地温暖潮湿的气候密切相关.此外，高感染率还与犬缺乏日常预防性驱虫有关.本次试验结果发现重庆市荣昌区犬感染内寄生虫较为普遍，应重视该地区犬寄生虫病的防治.

2) 不同年龄段犬寄生虫的感染率经X²检验，发现1-6月龄和7-12月龄感染率差异具有统计学意义(0.001＜p＜0.05)，1-6月龄和1岁以上的感染率差异具有统计学意义(0.001＜p＜0.05)，7-12月龄和1岁以上的感染率差异不具有统计学意义(p＞0.05).从表 3可见，随着年龄增长，犬寄生虫的感染率依次下降，本研究的结果与文献报道相一致^{[8, 11]}.通常幼犬对寄生虫的易感性最高，主要是由于经胎盘和乳汁感染所致^[12].随着年龄增长，当犬单一或多次接触寄生虫后，能刺激机体产生特异的寄生虫抗体，犬的易感性则逐渐降低^[13].

3) 对不同品种犬感染寄生虫的情况调查发现，本地犬寄生虫的感染率达到了96.55%，而宠物犬的感染率则较低，为59.38%.各品种犬的感染率经X²检验，土狗和杂交犬的感染率差异不具有统计学意义(p＞0.05)，土狗和宠物犬的感染率差异极具有统计学意义(p＜0.001)，杂交犬和宠物犬的感染率差异具有统计学意义(0.001＜p＜0.05).不同的饲养管理、卫生条件、性别、年龄、体况等因素，均导致犬的寄生虫感染率差异较大^[14-15].宠物犬环境卫生通常较好，食物以精粮或熟饭菜为主，与其他宠物接触较少，所以感染率相对较低.而本地犬以散养为主、犬只相互接触、有时饲喂生食，因此土犬有较高的寄生虫感染率. Mircean等^[8]对农村犬和城市犬寄生虫感染进行了比较，发现其感染率差异较大，而且农村犬的钩虫和蛔虫感染强度明显大于城市犬，究其原因是因为城市犬以精粮为主，注重驱虫杀毒和防治工作，而农村犬则不会进行这些繁琐的措施，也就造成了犬与犬之间的交叉感染，使得犬的感染数量增大.

本次调查结果表明重庆市荣昌区犬消化道内寄生虫感染很普遍，流行情况比较严重，应重视犬寄生虫病的防治.

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Survey of Epidemiology of Alimentary Canal Parasitosis of Dogs in Rongchang District of Chongqing

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