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2022 Volume 47 Issue 6
Article Contents

CHEN Jia, LI Lin. Ground State Solution for Kirchhoff Equation Involving Δλ Operator[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 47(6): 41-44. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2022.06.007
Citation: CHEN Jia, LI Lin. Ground State Solution for Kirchhoff Equation Involving Δλ Operator[J]. Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 47(6): 41-44. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2022.06.007

Ground State Solution for Kirchhoff Equation Involving Δλ Operator

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  • Corresponding author: LI Lin
  • Received Date: 23/06/2021
    Available Online: 20/06/2022
  • MSC: O176.3

  • In this article, the variational method has been used to discuss a class of Kirchhoff equations involving the operators of Δ \lt sub \gt \lt i \gt λ \lt /i \gt \lt /sub \gt on \lt inline-formula \gt ${{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} $ \lt /inline-formula \gt . $ \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} { - \left( {a + b{{\int_{{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} {\;\left|\; {\;{\nabla _\lambda }u\;} \right|} }^2}{\rm{d}}\mathit{x}} \right){\Delta _\lambda }u + V\left( x \right)u = f\left( {x, \;u} \right)}&{x \in {{\mathbb{R}}^3}}\\ {u \in {H^1}\left( {{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} \right)}&{} \end{array}} \right. $ where \lt i \gt a \lt /i \gt , \lt i \gt b \lt /i \gt are positive constants, Δ \lt sub \gt \lt i \gt λ \lt /i \gt \lt /sub \gt is a strongly degenerate elliptic operator, \lt i \gt V \lt /i \gt ( \lt i \gt x \lt /i \gt ) is a coercive potential. The least energy solution of the equation is obtained under the condition that the nonlinear term \lt i \gt f \lt /i \gt ( \lt i \gt x \lt /i \gt , \lt i \gt u \lt /i \gt ) satisfies the superlinearity, i.e. the ground state solution.
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Ground State Solution for Kirchhoff Equation Involving Δλ Operator

    Corresponding author: LI Lin

Abstract: In this article, the variational method has been used to discuss a class of Kirchhoff equations involving the operators of Δ \lt sub \gt \lt i \gt λ \lt /i \gt \lt /sub \gt on \lt inline-formula \gt ${{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} $ \lt /inline-formula \gt . $ \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} { - \left( {a + b{{\int_{{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} {\;\left|\; {\;{\nabla _\lambda }u\;} \right|} }^2}{\rm{d}}\mathit{x}} \right){\Delta _\lambda }u + V\left( x \right)u = f\left( {x, \;u} \right)}&{x \in {{\mathbb{R}}^3}}\\ {u \in {H^1}\left( {{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} \right)}&{} \end{array}} \right. $ where \lt i \gt a \lt /i \gt , \lt i \gt b \lt /i \gt are positive constants, Δ \lt sub \gt \lt i \gt λ \lt /i \gt \lt /sub \gt is a strongly degenerate elliptic operator, \lt i \gt V \lt /i \gt ( \lt i \gt x \lt /i \gt ) is a coercive potential. The least energy solution of the equation is obtained under the condition that the nonlinear term \lt i \gt f \lt /i \gt ( \lt i \gt x \lt /i \gt , \lt i \gt u \lt /i \gt ) satisfies the superlinearity, i.e. the ground state solution.

  • 我们知道Kirchhoff方程考虑的是横向振动产生的弦长变化,具有较好的物理意义,同时吸引了大量学者们的关注. 文献[1]在${{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} $中通过变分方法得到当非线性项f满足次临界条件时Kirchhoff方程解的集中行为以及存在性结果. 随后,文献[2]考虑了具有临界增长的非线性项f的Kirchhoff方程的正解的多重性和集中性. 文献[3]运用单调性和全局紧性引理讨论了Kirchhoff方程正基态解的存在性,并且推广了文献[1]中的结果. 文献[4]讨论了非线性项f无紧性条件下Kirchhoff方程的基态解. 文献[5]考虑了具有一般位势的Kirchhoff方程的Nehari-Pohozaev型基态解. 对于Kirchhoff方程基态解的存在性问题已经得到广泛的研究,但对于f满足超线性条件时基态解的结果还很少. 受文献([1-9])的启发,本文主要考虑如下的Kirchhoff方程的基态解:

    其中ab是正常数,${\nabla _\lambda } = ({\lambda _1}{\partial _{{x_1}}}u, \cdots , {\lambda _N}{\partial _{{x_N}}}u) $,并且${\Delta _\lambda } $是强退化椭圆算子,具体形式为

    关于该算子更多的性质,参见文献[10-13].这里非线性项f满足以下条件:

    (f1)  $f \in C({{\mathbb{R}}^3} \times {\mathbb{R}}, {\mathbb{R}}) $,并且存在常数c0>0,2 < p < 2λ*,有

    其中$2_\lambda ^* = \frac{{2Q}}{{Q - 2}} $Q表示${{\mathbb{R}}^N} $相对于一组扩张的齐次维度,更多细节可参见文献[10];

    (f2)  $\mathop {{\rm{lim}}}\limits_{t \to 0} \frac{{f\left( {x, t} \right)}}{{\left|\; {\;t\;} \right|}} \to 0 $,对x${{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} $一致成立;

    (f3)  存在μ>4使得f(xt)tμF(xt),$\forall \left( {x, t} \right) \in {{\mathbb{R}}^3} \times {\mathbb{R}} $.

    位势V(x)满足如下条件:

    (V)   $\mathop {{\rm{inf}}}\limits_{x \in {{\mathbb{R}}^N}} V\left( x \right) > 0, \;\;\mathop {{\rm{lim}}}\limits_{\left|\; x \right| \to \infty } \;V\left( x \right) = + \infty $.

    首先,定义空间

    显然,E是Hilbert空间,具有内积

    和范数

    为了方便,记‖·‖表示E的范数,‖·‖q表示空间${L^\mathit{q}}({{\mathbb{R}}^3}) $的范数. 显然,常数a>0,$\int_{{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} {\left( {a{{\left|\; {{\nabla _\lambda }u}\; \right|}^2} + V\left( x \right){u^2}} \right)} {\rm{d}}x $$\int_{{{\mathbb{R}}^3}} {\left( {{{\left|\; {{\nabla _\lambda }u}\; \right|}^2} + V\left( x \right){u^2}} \right)} {\rm{d}}x $是等价的,所以uE上的范数为

    其次,我们在E上定义方程对应的能量泛函

    不难得到JC1(E${\mathbb{R}} $),具有导数

    注1  本文主要在${{\mathbb{R}}^3} $中讨论Kirchhoff方程基态解的存在性,最大的困难在于全空间${{\mathbb{R}}^3} $中我们无法得到嵌入紧性.因此,为了找到J的临界点,我们将通过Nehari流形的方法寻找最小能量解,并且该解就是方程的解.

    根据条件(f1)-(f3)以及标准的证明可知泛函J具有山路几何结构,从而有相应的序列{un}⊂E,使得J(un)≤cJ′(un)→0(n→∞),即{un}为(PS)序列. 设

    并且$\mathop {{\rm{inf}}}\limits_{u \in {\mathcal{N}}} J\left( u \right) = m $,如果$u \in \mathcal{N} $J(u)=m,则uE是基态解.

    引理1  设条件(f1)-(f3)和(V)成立,则任意的(PS)序列{un}是有界的.

        设{un}为(PS)序列,就有J(un)≤cJ′(un)→0.那么根据条件(f3)可知

    (4) 式意味着{un}在E上有界.

    引理2  设条件(f1)-(f3)和(V)成立,则$\mathcal{N} \ne \emptyset $,并且存在常数k>0,使得$\forall u \in \mathcal{N}, J\left( u \right) > k $.

        根据引理1,存在一个(PS)序列{un}⊂E,对某个M>0有‖un‖≤M. 设{un}的子序列仍为{un},使得在E中有${u_n}\rightharpoonup{u_0} $,在${L^q}\left( {{\mathbb{R}^3}} \right) $(2 < q < 2λ*)中有unu0.下面通过反证法证明u0≠0. 假设u0=0,根据条件(f1),(f2),对任意的ε>0,存在常数Cε使得

    由文献[14]的引理2.2有

    $\varepsilon = \frac{c}{{3C_2^2{M^2}}} $M2=c,因此我们可以得到

    显然这是矛盾的,所以u0≠ 0. 又根据文献[6]的引理2.2和条件(f1),可以得到

    因此

    从而得到

    所以$\left\langle {{J^\prime }\left( {{u_0}} \right), v} \right\rangle = 0 $u0≠0,得到$\mathcal{N} \ne \emptyset $.

    下面证明J(u)>k. 因为对每一个$u \in \mathcal{N} $都有〈J′(u),u 〉=0,所以由(5)式可以得到

    因此,存在常数γ>0,任取$u \in \mathcal{N} $,使得‖u2γ. 又根据条件(f3),可以推出

    所以存在常数k>0,使得$\forall u \in \mathcal{N} $J(u)>k.

    定理1  设条件(f1)-(f3)和(V)成立,则方程(1)存在一个基态解.

        根据引理2,可以得到${u_n} \subseteq \mathcal{N} $m>0,有J(un)→m. 由前面引理相似的证明,存在uE\{0},使得在E中,${u_n}\rightharpoonup{u} $;在$x \in {\mathbb{R}^3} $中几乎处处有unu. 并且J′(u)=0,J(u)≥m. 由法图引理可知

    这就意味着$u \in \mathcal{N} $,有J(u)=m. 所以uEJ的基态解.

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