Executive Academic Background and Corporate Financialization
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摘要: 具有学术背景的高管团队能有效抑制企业的金融化程度,并且学术背景高管比例越高企业金融化程度越低,经过稳健性测试上述结论依然成立。在区分企业金融资产的投机性和保值性后发现,具有学术背景的高管主要通过降低企业的投机性金融资产来抑制企业的金融化程度。进一步的机制分析表明,由于曾经的学术经历深深“烙印”于高管身上,导致他们更加注重企业实体资本投资和企业的创新活动,根据资源配置理论,实体资产配置的数量越多金融资产的投资数量就会相应减少。
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表 1 变量定义
变量类型 变量名 变量定义 被解释变量 Fin 金融化程度。(交易性金融资产+衍生金融资产+发放贷款及垫款净额+可供出售金融资产净额+持有至到期投资净额+投资性房地产净额)/总资产 r_xsgg 学术高管比例。具有学术经历的高管人数/高管团队总人数 解释变量 isxsgg 是否具有学术经历的高管。当企业高管团队成员内具有学术经历的高管时赋值为1,否则为0 CFO 经营活动产生的净现金流与期末总资产之比 lnsize 期末资产取自然对数 Lev 期末总负债与总资产之比 Roa 净利润与期末总资产之比 控制变量 Growth (当年营业收入减去上年收入)/除以上年收入 lnage 当年减去公司成立年数加1之后去自然对数 Shrcr5 前五大股东持股比例之和 sic2 行业 year 年度 表 2 描述性统计
变量 观测值 平均值 最小值 中位数 最大值 标准差 Fin 18 911 0.011 8 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.248 0 0.037 2 r_xsgg 16 479 0.077 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.571 0 0.126 3 isxsgg 16 479 0.355 8 0.000 0 0.000 0 1.000 0 0.478 8 CFO 18 911 0.036 2 -0.154 2 0.030 1 0.223 0 0.065 4 lnsize 18 911 19.228 1 0.000 0 21.702 5 25.820 3 7.478 5 Lev 18 911 0.371 6 0.000 0 0.373 7 0.886 4 0.241 7 Roa 18 911 0.034 2 -0.146 7 0.029 1 0.182 5 0.048 6 Growth 16 479 0.202 1 -0.490 3 0.121 5 2.905 3 0.444 3 lnage 18 911 2.303 9 0.000 0 2.639 1 3.332 2 0.972 5 Shrcr5 16 479 52.736 5 18.791 2 52.998 2 87.854 0 15.499 6 表 3 相关性分析
Fin r_xsgg isxsgg CFO lnsize Lev Roa Growth lnage Shrcr5 Fin 1 r_xsgg -0.046*** 1 isxsgg -0.058*** 0.821*** 1 CFO 0.011 0 -0.026** -0.021*** 1 lnsize 0.118*** -0.063*** -0.021*** 0.222*** 1 Lev 0.067*** -0.139*** -0.117*** 0.018*** 0.644*** 1 Roa 0.015*** 0.068*** 0.063*** 0.421*** 0.267*** -0.148*** 1 Growth -0.075*** 0.010*** 0.016*** -0.016** 0.044** 0.027* 0.198*** 1 lnage 0.160*** -0.108*** -0.105*** 0.202*** 0.909*** 0.610*** 0.202*** -0.103*** 1 Shrcr5 -0.102*** 0.025*** 0.036*** 0.115*** 0.182*** -0.090*** 0.201*** 0.059*** -0.290*** 1 注:*、**、***分别代表在10%、5%、1%的水平下显著 表 4 高管学术背景与企业金融化
(1)
Fin(2)
Fin(3)
Fin(4)
Finr_xsgg -0.014 4***
(-5.919 0)-0.008 5***
(-4.110 2)isxsgg -0.004 8***
(-7.423 9)-0.003 3***
(-5.947 8)CFO -0.024 2***
(-4.760 8)-0.024 4***
(-4.799 4)lnsize 0.000 4
(1.398 3)0.000 5
(1.565 0)Lev -0.011 3***
(-5.339 1)-0.011 5***
(-5.428 5)Roa 0.028 5***
(3.692 8)0.028 8***
(3.727 3)Growth -0.003 1***
(-4.591 1)-0.003 1***
(-4.572 1)lnage 0.008 0***
(12.470 6)0.007 8***
(12.232 1)Shrcr5 -0.000 2***
(-10.740 8)-0.000 2***
(-10.726 3)Industry No Yes No Yes Year No Yes No Yes r2_a 0.002 1 0.162 7 0.003 3 0.163 6 N 16 479 16 479 16 479 16 479 注:(1)括号内为采用Robust异方差修正的t值;(2)*、**、***分别代表在10%、5%、1%的水平下显著,下同 表 5 机制1检验结果
(1)
Fin(2)
r_sttz(3)
Finr_xsgg -0.008 5***
(-4.110 2)0.009 4***
(3.165 3)-0.008 0***
(-3.897 0)r_sttz -0.049 9***
(-9.986 2)CFO -0.024 2***
(-4.760 8)0.084 8***
(13.721 9)-0.020 0***
(-3.921 5)lnsize 0.000 4
(1.398 3)-0.000 1
(-0.274 7)0.000 4
(1.383 9)Lev -0.011 3***
(-5.339 1)0.005 3**
(1.997 4)-0.011 1***
(-5.223 5)Roa 0.028 5***
(3.692 8)0.035 4***
(3.835 6)0.030 3***
(3.917 7)Growth -0.003 1***
(-4.591 1)0.004 4***
(4.036 9)-0.002 9***
(-4.260 6)lnage 0.008 0***
(12.470 6)-0.013 3***
(-11.759 3)0.007 3***
(11.499 4)Shrcr5 -0.000 2***
(-10.740 8)0.000 2***
(6.302 8)-0.000 2***
(-10.377 1)Industry Yes Yes Yes Year fixed Yes Yes Yes r2_a 0.165 6 0.117 5 0.169 1 N 17 310 17 310 17 310 表 6 机制2检验结果
(4)
Fin(5)
r_yftr(6)
Finr_xsgg -0.008 5***
(-4.110 2)0.012 4***
(13.073 4)-0.006 8***
(-3.267 9)r_yftr -0.137 1***
(-7.075 4)CFO -0.024 2***
(-4.760 8)0.012 5***
(6.956 8)-0.021 0***
(-4.402 9)lnsize 0.000 4
(1.398 3)-0.001 2***
(-10.804 2)0.000 3
(0.892 2)Lev -0.011 3***
(-5.339 1)-0.003 8***
(-5.357 5)-0.011 8***
(-5.582 0)Roa 0.028 5***
(3.692 8)0.042 0***
(13.892 7)0.034 3***
(4.377 4)Growth -0.003 1***
(-4.591 1)-0.000 8***
(-3.324 3)-0.003 2***
(-4.750 7)lnage 0.008 0***
(12.470 6)-0.004 2***
(-14.349 7)0.007 4***
(11.553 1)Shrcr5 -0.000 2***
(-10.740 8)-0.000 0
(-0.653 8)-0.000 2***
(-10.775 9)Industry Yes Yes Yes Year Yes Yes Yes r2_a 0.162 7 0.386 0 0.164 9 N 16 479 16 479 16 479 表 7 截面分析
(1)
较好金融生态环境(2)
较差金融生态环境(3)
高融资约束(4)
低融资约束r_xsgg -0.010 0***
(-3.862 7)-0.008 9**
(-2.476 4)-0.005 8
(-1.552 6)-0.007 7***
(-3.770 2)CFO -0.022 8***
(-3.436 2)-0.026 0***
(-3.305 8)-0.040 0***
(-5.174 1)-0.002 6
(-0.432 2)lnsize 0.001 1***
(2.822 8)-0.000 8
(-1.485 1)-0.000 0
(-0.067 5)0.000 0
(0.060 9)Lev -0.010 8**
(-4.039 9)-0.009 9***
(-2.850 6)-0.016 3***
(-5.416 7)-0.002 9
(-1.040 8)Roa 0.030 5***
(3.144 4)0.018 2
(1.428 6)0.038 3***
(3.566 1)0.010 9
(1.005 3)Growth -0.003 8***
(-3.785 0)-0.002 2***
(-2.652 2)-0.003 9***
(-4.550 4)-0.001 3
(-1.266 0)lnage 0.008 7***
(10.747 2)0.007 6***
(6.950 4)0.010 7***
(4.449 6)0.003 8***
(5.022 1)Shrcr5 -0.000 2***
(-8.967 4)-0.000 2***
(-6.204 5)-0.000 3***
(-9.723 5)-0.000 1***
(-4.469 5)Industry Yes Yes Yes Yes Year Yes Yes Yes Yes r2_a 0.182 1 0.134 4 0.193 6 0.107 2 N 10 561 5 918 8 866 7 613 表 8 金融资产投机性保值性分析
(1)
投机性金融资产(2)
保值性金融资产r_xsgg -0.012 7***
(-6.930 2)-0.000 5
(-0.437 6)CFO -0.033 0***
(-6.977 8)-0.006 4**
(-2.635 2)lnsize 0.003 0***
(10.126 1)-0.000 5***
(-3.415 3)Lev -0.022 0***
(-11.428 3)-0.000 3
(-0.278 6)Roa 0.018 9***
(2.458 6)0.006 9**
(2.109 3)Growth -0.003 0***
(-5.087 5)-0.001 0***
(-3.212 0)lnage 0.006 8***
(12.056 5)0.003 4***
(10.203 2)Shrcr5 -0.000 2***
(-9.364 0)-0.000 1***
(-7.470 7)Industry Yes Yes Year Yes Yes r2_a 0.069 1 0.120 5 N 16 479 16 479 -
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