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北碚447锦橙是20世纪80年代由中国农科院柑橘研究所、西南农业大学、四川省农科院果树研究所的有关专家先后经过5次鉴定得到的优良品种[1].果实呈椭圆形,果皮较细,橙色,有光泽,蒂平,果顶平,因其囊瓣易分离,囊壁薄,果大皮薄,果肉脆嫩化渣,风味浓,无核等优良性状被广泛种植并开发成多种多样的产品[1].但是,由于在贮藏过程中自身的呼吸代谢、蒸腾作用和成熟衰老过程的进行,导致其果实品质会不断下降,严重影响了果品质量和商品价值[2-3].传统的果蔬保鲜方法多利用化学保鲜剂对果实进行处理,以控制果实在贮藏过程中病害的发生及品质的下降[3].但是,随着化学保鲜剂对人们健康及自然环境所带来的危害慢慢显现,如化学杀菌剂的长期和广泛使用所带来的农药残留、抗性菌株的产生以及环境污染等问题,寻求一种无毒、无害、高效、环境友好型且对北碚447锦橙贮藏过程中品质的保持有良好效果的新型保鲜剂显得尤为重要[4].
壳聚糖属于天然产物,有良好的生物相容性和成模性以及较强的抗菌保鲜防腐能力,作为一种高效、无毒、成本较低的天然保鲜剂受到越来越多的关注和应用[5].赵宇瑛等研究了壳聚糖涂膜对绿竹笋采后保鲜效果的影响,发现壳聚糖涂膜可显著延缓绿竹笋的硬度、纤维素和木质素增加的速率,抑制苯丙氨酸酶和多酚氧化酶的活性,保持笋肉的良好品质[6];汪东风等研究了壳聚糖复合膜处理对蓝莓保鲜效果的影响,发现壳聚糖复合膜能有效减少失重率,保持果实的硬度,提高其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性[7];另外,壳聚糖处理在‘早红考密斯’梨和鲜切苹果等果蔬贮藏品质的保持方面也有较为明显的效果[8-9].但单独使用壳聚糖保鲜果蔬仍存在一些不足,有研究表明壳聚糖与其他物质复合保鲜效果更好[10-12]. Maqbool等研究发现10%的阿拉伯胶与1.0%的壳聚糖复合涂膜能降低香蕉果实的失重率和可溶性固形物,延缓果实色泽变化并降低其呼吸速率,从而延长香蕉的货架期至33 d. Zhang等研究表明壳聚糖复合水杨酸能有效提高黄瓜贮藏过程中SOD和CAT等抗氧化酶的活性,抑制丙二醛摩尔质量浓度、电解质渗漏及内源水杨酸浓度的增加.吴雪莹等人研究发现壳聚糖与SiOx复合能显著抑制脐橙果实贮藏期间硬度的下降[12].近年来,次氯酸钙、次氯酸钠处理提高果蔬保鲜效果的研究已有报道[13-15],但是单独使用次氯酸盐进行果蔬保鲜,次氯酸盐很难长时间保留在果皮表面,达不到理想的保鲜效果.如果将次氯酸盐与成膜性较好的材料进行复合使用就能解决以上问题.
因此,本研究以北碚447锦橙为试验材料,研究壳聚糖协同次氯酸盐对北碚447锦橙果实贮藏期间果皮和果肉硬度、失重率、MDA摩尔质量浓度、SOD和CAT活性的影响,以探究壳聚糖协同次氯酸盐对锦橙果实贮藏品质的影响,并为其作为新型保鲜剂在锦橙贮藏方面的应用提供一定的理论基础.
Effects of Chitosan Combined with Hypochlorite on Post-Harvest Texture and Physiology of Citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Jincheng 447) Fruit
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摘要: 探究壳聚糖协同次氯酸盐对北碚447锦橙贮藏期间酶活性及质构的影响.以北碚447锦橙作为试验材料,对贮藏过程中果实的果皮和果肉硬度、失重率、丙二醛(MDA)摩尔质量浓度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化进行了测定.总体上,在贮藏中后期,各个壳聚糖处理组的果皮和果肉硬度,SOD和CAT活性均高于对照组,MDA摩尔质量浓度低于对照组;贮藏第30 d,1%壳聚糖+200 mg/L Ca(ClO)2组的果皮和果肉硬度,SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照组(p < 0.05),其值分别为706±19.1 N/g,203.5±4.0 N/g,249.8±7.5 U/g,310±20 mg/(g·min);MDA摩尔质量浓度显著低于对照组(p < 0.05),其值为0.090±0.02 μmol/g.综合考虑,得出1%壳聚糖+200 mg/L Ca(ClO)2处理组能维持较高的果实硬度,降低MDA摩尔质量浓度,提高SOD和CAT的活性,有利于北碚447锦橙的贮藏保鲜.Abstract: This study was made to investigate the effects of chitosan combined with hypochlorite on the post-harvest physiology and texture of citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Jincheng 447) fruit. Chitosan treatments were applied to the harvested citrus fruit, and indexes including firmness of peel and pulp, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed. Generally, during the middle and later periods of storage, the peel and pulp firmness of chitosan-treated groups and their SOD and CAT activities were higher than those of the control group, and MDA content were lower than those of the control group. Determined on the 30th day, the treatment of 1% chitosan in combination with 200 mg/L Ca(ClO)2 showed significant differences from the control group and its the peel firmness, pulp firmness, SOD and CAT were higher than those of the control, being 706±19.1 N/g, 203.5±4.0 N/g, 249.8±7.5 U/g and 310±20 mg/(g·min), respectively. Its MDA content were lower than those of the control, being 0.090±0.02 μmol/g. 1% Chitosan used in combination with 200 mg/L Ca(ClO)2 helped to maintain the peel and pulp firmness of citrus fruit, enhance its activities of SOD and CAT and reduce its MAD content, and its good for citrus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Jincheng 447) fruit storage.
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Key words:
- chitosan /
- hypochlorite /
- Beibei 447 glorious orange /
- enzyme activity /
- texture .
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