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虫生真菌作为昆虫病原微生物中的最大类群,是自然界中控制害虫种群数量的一个重要影响因素.自然界中全部病死昆虫约60%是因真菌感染致死[1].因此虫生真菌在害虫防治中的地位举足轻重,已受到研究者们的广泛关注.中国是世界上较早记载虫生真菌的国家之一,早在2000多年前的《神农本草经》中就记载了受白僵菌属感染而死亡的家蚕幼虫;古代史书中也多次记载蝗虫感染蝗噬虫霉后“抱草而死”的现象[2].
20世纪50年代,我国开始利用虫生真菌资源来防治害虫,经过几十年的发展,虫生真菌资源的开发利用取得了很大的进步.宋晓兵等学者分离得到1株对柑橘木虱具有强致病性的球孢白僵菌,以浓度为1.0×108个/mL的分生孢子悬浮液处理柑橘木虱成虫7 d后,其校正死亡率达到95.7%[3];孙艺昕等学者分离筛选得到6株对亚洲玉米螟具有高致病力的球孢白僵菌菌株,丰富了玉米地下害虫及土传病害的生物防治资源[4];蔡守平通过测定不同球孢白僵菌菌株的生长速度、产孢量及对星天牛幼虫的致病力,筛选到两株具强致病力且生长速度快、产孢量高的球孢白僵菌菌株,以期作为防治星天牛的优良菌株[5].
白僵菌(Beauveria)因寄主范围广、致病性强等特点,逐渐成为农林害虫防治中广泛使用的昆虫生防菌之一[6],在分类地位上属于半知菌亚门,丝孢纲,丛梗孢目,丛梗孢科,白僵菌属.本研究从重庆地区野外感染白僵菌的蝽蟓及室内感染的家蚕僵虫上分离获得3株球孢白僵菌菌株,并通过形态学观察及分子生物学方法进行鉴定,以期丰富重庆本地的虫生真菌资源库,为进一步研发农林害虫生物农药奠定基础.
Isolation and Identification of Three Beauveria bassiana Isolates in Chongqing Area
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摘要: 我国是农业和林业大国,农林害虫的危害造成了严重的经济损失,同时化学防治也导致了环境污染等诸多问题.因此,开发基于虫生真菌的生物农药意义重大.为了丰富虫生真菌菌种资源,以野外感染白僵菌的蝽蟓及室内感染的家蚕僵虫样品为实验材料,采用多种培养基,分离获得了3株虫生真菌菌株,分别为来自蝽蟓的NB-1,PW-1菌株和来自家蚕的JCY菌株,形态学观察结果表明,各菌株的培养特征与白僵菌属菌株较为一致;分子生物学鉴定表明,各菌株rDNA ITS序列与GenBank中白僵菌属球孢白僵菌多个菌株同源性高达99%,因此将菌株NB-1,PW-1和JCY均鉴定为球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana);生物学特性观察发现不同菌株间分生孢子产生量存在显著差异,分离自蝽蟓僵虫的球孢白僵菌PW-1,NB-1分生孢子产量分别为(7.55±0.15)×107个/mL,(6.30±0.40)×107个/mL,均高于家蚕分离株JCY,其产孢量仅为(3.02±0.22)×107个/mL.结论为后续研发针对包括草地贪夜蛾在内的农林害虫生物杀虫剂奠定了菌种基础.Abstract: China is one of the biggest agricultural and forestry countries in the world, and agricultural and forestry pests cause serious economic losses annually. At the same time, chemical control measures have caused many problems such as environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of bioinsecticides based on entomogenous fungi is of great importance. In order to enrich the resources of entomopathogenic fungi, we obtained entomogenous fungal isolates via isolating and cultivating from wild stinkbug and silkworm infected by Beauveria sp. and identified their biological characteristics. In this experiment, three isolates (NB-1, PW-1 and JCY) were identified. Morphological observation showed that the cultural characteristics of all the three strains were consistent with those of Beauveria bassiana. ITS of each isolate shared 99% homology to many isolates of B. bassiana in GenBank. Thus, isolates NB-1, PW-1 and JCY were all identified as B. bassiana. Significant differences in conidia production were detected between different isolates via biological characteristics observation. The conidial yield of PW-1 and NB-1 isolated from the infected stinkbug was (7.55±0.15)×107 and (6.30±0.40)×107 spores/mL, respectively, which was higher than that of JCY isolated from the infected silkworm, (3.02±0.22)×107 spores/mL.
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Key words:
- Beauveria bassiana /
- entomopathogenic fungi /
- identification /
- stinkbug /
- silkworm .
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表 1 3株球孢白僵菌的产孢量
菌株编号 产孢量/(个·mL-1) PW-1 (7.55±0.15)×107aA NB-1 (6.30±0.40)×107bA JCY (3.02±0.22)×107cB 注:表中数值为平均值±标准误.小写字母不同表示p<0.05,大写字母不同表示p<0.01,差异有统计学意义. -
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