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琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldia pandurifolia Hu.是我国不可多得的特种油料资源植物,种子富含以十四碳酸为主的油脂,是生产防冷凝剂的重要原料,已作为濒危物种记入《中国物种红色名录》[1].琴叶风吹楠由我国植物学家胡先骕[2]命名发表,后来Wilde[3]将其归并入H. prainii后,再与其他几个种建立Endocomia属,Wu等[4]又将H. prainii(包括琴叶风吹楠)归回风吹楠属,分类地位争论较大.琴叶风吹楠在云南热带沟谷雨林中呈斑块状分布,资源量很少,但研究基础薄弱[4-7].
油脂是植物储存的一类营养物质.不同种类植物的脂肪酸组成比较稳定,脂肪酸在植物界中的分布有明显的规律,作为植物化学分类学的指标有重要意义[8].现有理论认为亲缘关系相近的植物类群具有相似的化学物质,云南野生的风吹楠属植物分布区基本重复,它们的种子脂肪酸组成应该具有良好的相似性.据研究报道,云南野生风吹楠H. amygdalina种子油的十二烷酸(12:0)百分比为41.16%,十四烷酸(14:0)为49.29%,滇南风吹楠H. tetratepala的分别为41.54%和39.09%,具有良好的相似性,与许玉兰等[9]和胡永华等[10]报道的数据基本一致.据前人报道,琴叶风吹楠种子十二烷酸百分比为39.60%,十四烷酸为52.20%,许玉兰等[9]却发现成熟种子十二烷酸不足1%,十四碳烯酸(14:1) 为15.60%~27.21%,十四烷酸为60.93~76.58%,两者差异很大[11-12].
油脂形成由遗传和环境共同决定,其中遗传特性决定了质的差异,环境条件往往影响量的差异.同一物种居群间和居群内单株间的遗传差异和表型差异普遍存在.种子油脂形成的时间段主要集中在果实或种子趋近成熟的时期,是个动态的变化过程.由于采种地点、年份和种子成熟度等不同都会使脂肪酸成分测定的数据存在差异,本研究在澜沧江流域按实验设计采集40株琴叶风吹楠大树的53份种子样品,测定脂肪酸成分及百分比,分析其时空变化规律,对琴叶风吹楠的化学分类学研究及油脂开发利用都有重要意义.
Variation Tendency for Percentages of Main Fatty Acids from Horsfieldia pandurifolia Seed
- Received Date: 27/10/2015
- Available Online: 20/01/2017
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Key words:
- Horsfieldia pandurifolia /
- seed /
- fatty acid /
- variation tendency
Abstract: In order to understand the variation tendency of fatty acids from the seeds of Horsfieldia pandurifolia, a rare plant species in China, 53 sample seeds from 40 individuals in the Lancang River Valley were collected.The components and percentage of fatty acids of all sample seeds were tested.The results showed that all the 53 sample seeds contained 17 kinds of fatty acid.The percentage variations of myristoleic acid, myristic acid and total C14 fatty acids were, respectively, in the range of 22.12%~28.61%, 62.31%~67.27% and 85.40%~89.99% in unripe seeds, and in the range of 18.63%~21.93%, 68.57%~71.38% and 88.87%~90.24% in fully ripe seeds from 4 appointed individuals.Variable quantities of total C14 fatty acid percentages were 1.49%~4.26% in different years from 5 appointed individuals.The percentage variations of total C14 fatty acids were in the range of 88.14%~92.82% from the sample seeds of 39 individuals, the average being 90.60%. Population variation and interannual variation of total C14 fatty acids in the ripe seeds were very small.During the course of seed maturation, myristoleic acid was steadily translating into myristic acid, but the conversion degrees were inconsistent among individuals and different years.Total C14 fatty acids were shown to be predominant in seed fatty acids of H. pandurifolia and showed good stability and, therefore, this component is recommended as an important indicator of plant chemotaxonomy for the species.